风沙半干旱区仁用杏间作对作物产量和水分利用的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.09.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探明仁用杏与作物间作对作物产量和水分利用的影响，提出适合东北风沙半干旱区最优的农林间作模式，2012-2013年在大田试验条件下对仁用杏作物间作进行试验，设置仁用杏花生间作、仁用杏谷子间作、仁用杏甘薯间作、仁用杏单作、花生单作、谷子单作和甘薯单作7个处理，对不同处理下作物产量、水分利用效率、土壤水分和水分当量比4个指标进行观测。结果表明，仁用杏作物间作对作物产量影响显著（P＜0.05），间作花生、谷子、甘薯产量比单作平均减少65.1%、54.3%、64.7%，而对仁用杏的产量影响不显著。土壤水分的空间分布表明，仁用杏谷子间作水分竞争关系最小，仁用杏与甘薯间作水分竞争强烈。仁用杏作物间作系统的水分当量比均大于1，表现出较好的水分优势，其中仁用杏谷子间作系统的水分优势最明显，水分当量比达1.45，分别比仁用杏花生间作、仁用杏甘薯间作高8.2%和9.9%。综合分析认为，仁用杏谷子间作最适宜当地生态环境，在东北风沙半干旱区持续雨养农业发展中具有很好的应用前景。

关键词: 仁用杏间作, 产量, 水分利用效率, 水分当量比, 风沙半干旱区

Abstract: Investigation of the effects of the apricot intercropping system on crop yield and water use efficiency is widely accepted to be very important for putting forward the optimal intercropping model suitable for the semi-arid region of northeast China. The apricot intercropping system was used as a test objects, a field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2013 on the wind and sand semi-arid area of northeast China. The designed seven treatments were apricot-peanut intercropping (IP), apricot-millet intercropping (IM), apricot-sweet potato intercropping (ISP), sole apricot (SA), sole peanut (SP), sole millet (SM) and sole sweet potato (SSP). The yield, water use efficiency, water equivalent ratio and soil moisture were recorded. The results showed that the average yield of peanut, millet and sweet potato in intercropping system was 65.09%, 55.28% and 64.68% lower than that of sole cropping, respectively. But there was no difference in the yield between apricot intercropping and sole cropping. The water equivalent ratio of the apricot intercropping was more than 1, showing a better water use advantage. Furthermore, the water equivalent ratio of apricot-millet intercropping was the highest, reaching 1.45, and 8.2% and 9.9% higher than that of apricot-peanut intercropping and apricot-sweet potato intercropping, respectively, while spatial distribution of soil moisture content convinced this water use advantage in apricot-millet intercropping. The comprehensive analysis showed that the apricot-millet intercropping is suitable for the local ecological environment, and it has a good application value in the development of rain-fed agriculture the semi-arid area of northeast China with heavy sand erosion due to windy climate.

Key words: Agro-forestry, Yield, Water use efficiency, Water equivalent ratio, Semi-arid area

白伟，孙占祥，郑家明，杜桂娟，蔡倩，冯良山，杨宁. 风沙半干旱区仁用杏间作对作物产量和水分利用的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(09): 574-582.

BAI Wei, SUN Zhan-xiang, ZHENG Jia-ming, DU Gui-juan, CAI Qian, FENG Liang-shan, YANG Ning. Effect of Intercropping in Apricot Orchard on the Crops Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Semi-arid Area[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(09): 574-582.

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