中国农业气象 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (09): 746-760.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2021.09.003

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

辽宁主要粮食作物生长季需水与降水耦合度分析

张凤怡,迟道才,陈涛涛   

  1. 沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳  110866
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-29 出版日期:2021-09-20 发布日期:2021-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 陈涛涛,副教授,主要从事水肥调控与高效利用研究,E-mail:taotao-chen@syau.edu.cn E-mail:taotao-chen@syau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张凤怡,E-mail:zhangfy939@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然基金(51709173);辽宁省高校创新团队(LT2017014);辽宁省自然基金(2019-MS-277)

Assessment of Coupling Degree between Water Requirement of Main Cereal Crops and Precipitation in Growing Season in Liaoning Province

ZHANG Feng-yi , CHI Dao-cai, CHEN Tao-tao   

  1. College of Water Resources, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
  • Received:2021-01-29 Online:2021-09-20 Published:2021-09-11

摘要: 以辽宁省1957−2017年逐日气象数据和研究区作物系数为基础,基于SIMETAW模型计算和分析辽宁主要粮食作物(春玉米、大豆和水稻)需水规律和降水对作物需水的满足程度,以揭示气候变化对该区域粮食作物需水的影响,探究自然降水对主要粮食作物需水的满足程度及其时空变化特征。结果表明:辽宁春玉米、大豆和水稻全生长季需水量多年平均值分别为511.8mm、509.4mm和605.1mm,均呈不显著下降趋势。春玉米和大豆全生长季需水与降水耦合度多年平均值分别为0.821和0.814,即降水分别满足了82.1%和81.4%的需水量,亏缺的17.9%和18.6%仍需播前灌溉或补灌,尤其在西部地区耦合度大于0.8的保证率仅为28.2%和21.1%。水稻全生长季耦合度为0.464,耦合度大于0.4的保证率全省仅为69.1%,西部地区保证率低至36.8%。辽宁4个分区中,3种作物均在东部地区耦合度最大,中部、南部和西部次之。3种作物各生长阶段耦合度呈现生长中期最高,快速生长期次之,初期和成熟期普遍最低。春玉米和大豆生长初期需水与降水耦合度近年来显著上升,3种作物成熟期耦合度则呈显著下降趋势。辽宁省主要粮食作物均需注意春旱和秋旱的发生,及时补充灌溉。在目前降水条件下,辽宁省最适宜种植春玉米,尤其水资源匮乏的西部地区,根据实际情况可适当扩大春玉米种植规模。大豆最适宜在辽宁东部和中部地区种植,水稻在东部和南部地区种植最为适宜。

关键词: 辽宁, 粮食作物, SIMETAW模型, 作物需水量, 需水与降水耦合度

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to provide a basis for the efficient utilization of water resources and the promotion of agricultural water suitable development in Liaoning province. Based on the daily meteorological data of Liaoning province from 1957 to 2017 and crop coefficients in the study area, the water demand rules of major grain crops (spring maize, soybean and rice) and the degree of water demand satisfied by precipitation were calculated and analyzed based on the SIMETAW model. The results showed that: (1) the annual mean water requirements of spring maize, soybean and rice in the whole growing season in Liaoning were 511.8mm, 509.4mm and 605.1mm, respectively, showing an insignificant decreasing trend. (2) The coupling degree of water demand and precipitation in the whole growing season of spring maize and soybean were 0.821 and 0.814, respectively, that is to say, precipitation satisfied 82.1% and 81.4% water demand respectively, and the remaining 17.9% and 18.6% still needed irrigation or supplementary irrigation before sowing. Especially in the western region, the guaranteed rate of coupling degree was only 28.2% and 21.1% when the coupling degree was greater than 0.8. The coupling degree of rice in the whole growing season was 0.464, the guaranteed rate of coupling degree greater than 0.4 was only 69.1% in the whole province, and the guaranteed rate was as low as 36.8% in the western region. (3) In the four subregions of Liaoning, the coupling degree of the three crops was the largest in the eastern region, followed by the central, southern and western regions. The coupling degree of the three crops in each growth stage was the highest in the middle growth stage, followed by the rapid growth stage, and the lowest in the early and mature stages. In recent years, the coupling degree of spring maize and soybean at the early growth stage increased significantly, while the coupling degree of the three crops at the mature stage showed a significant downward trend. The occurrence of spring drought and autumn drought should be paid attention to and irrigation should be supplemented in time for the main grain crops in Liaoning province. Under the current precipitation conditions, it was the most suitable for planting spring maize in Liaoning province, especially in the western region where water resources were scarce, and soybean was most suitable for planting in the eastern and central areas of Liaoning province, while rice was most suitable for planting in the eastern and southern areas of Liaoning province.

Key words: Liaoning province, Grain crops, SIMETAW model, Crop water requirement, Coupling degree between water requirement and precipitation