福建省蓝莓种植气候适宜性区划

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2020.08.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用福建省66个国家气象观测站1960?2018年气象资料以及地理信息资料、蓝莓生育期调查和文献查阅资料，构建了影响蓝莓种植生产的休眠期冷温指数、开花期低温指数、果实发育期降水指数三个气候因子指标，采用归一化法、权重系数法等数理统计方法计算指标权重和气候适宜性指数，开展基于GIS的全省蓝莓气候适宜性区划。结果表明：福清以南沿海一带冬季冷温量不足，不适宜蓝莓生产种植；南平市、三明市、龙岩市的中高海拔山区，虽然冬季冷温条件适宜蓝莓完成休眠，但春季低温冻害较频繁、雨季降水偏多，属于蓝莓种植的次适宜区，种植蓝莓需要采取有效的防寒防冻措施；宁德市、福州市、莆田市、泉州市和漳州市的内陆山区，南平市、三明市和龙岩市的低海拔地域，冬季冷温累积时数较长，春季冻害发生频率相对较低，雨季降水较为适宜，该区域为福建省蓝莓种植的适宜区，种植蓝莓可获得较好的经济效益。

关键词: , 蓝莓, 气候适宜性, 区划, 冷温指数, 低温指数, 降水指数

Abstract: Planting blueberries not only can obtain high economical benefits, but also can improve the planting system of fruit in Fujian to promote the development of modern agriculture and increase the income of fruit farmers. Currently, there is no climatic suitability zoning of blueberry in Fujian. Consequently, it is necessary to study climate suitability zoning of blueberry in Fujian. Authors take advantage of the 66 national meteorological station data from 1960 to 2018 and the geographic information data in Fujian to analyze climate suitability zoning of blueberry, and other literature review data are used for reference. According to the ecological conditions required for blueberry based on the actual situation，climatic indices of the accumulated cold temperature in dormant period, the low temperature index during flowering period, and precipitation during fruit development stage are selected as the indicators of climate suitability zoning for blueberry growing in the study area. The weight of each index factor is calculated by the mathematical statistics methods such as normalization method and weight-coefficient methods. The climate suitability zoning of blueberry planting is obtained by the weight superposition analysis. The map of the suitability zoning of blueberry planting is drawn on the GIS platform with the aid of spatial analysis techniques. The results show that the coastal areas in the south of Fuqing is not suitable for blueberry planting since the accumulated cold temperature is inadequate; Nanping, Sanming, and the middle with high-altitude area of Longyan are sub-suitable area for blueberry planting, since the accumulated cold temperature could meet blueberries’ deed for dormancy, while requiring effective cold and frost protection measures from the high frequency of the low temperature freezing damage in spring. The landlocked of Ningde, Fuzhou, Putian and the low-altitude areas of Nanping, Sanming, Longyan are the most climate suitable planting areas for the long-term accumulation of cold temperatures, low frequency of freezing damage in spring, and suitable precipitation in rainy seasons.

Key words: Blueberry, Climate suitability, Zoning, Cold hours index, Low temperature index, Precipitation index

中图分类号:

肖秀珠，刘佳明，孙朝锋，陈家金. 福建省蓝莓种植气候适宜性区划[J]. 中国农业气象, 2020, 41(08): 520-528.

XIAO Xiu-zhu, LIU Jia-ming, SUN Chao-feng, CHEN Jia-jin. Climate Suitability Zoning of Blueberry in Fujian Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2020, 41(08): 520-528.

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