中国农业气象 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (08): 686-692.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2021.08.006

• 农业气象概念方法 栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

积温及热量资源概念的科学性问题与改进

张子源,郑大玮,潘宇鹰,潘志华   

  1. 1.中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193;2.陕西省农业遥感与经济作物气象服务中心,西安 710014
  • 接受日期:2020-12-13 出版日期:2021-08-20 发布日期:2021-08-14
  • 通讯作者: 潘志华,教授,研究方向为生态与农业气象、气候变化影响与适应,E-mail:panzhihua@cau.edu.cn E-mail:panzhihua@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张子源,E-mail:15901023512@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“京津冀地区适应增暖路径及社会经济代价综合评估研究”(2018YFA0606303)

The Scientific Problem and Improvement of the Concepts of Accumulated Temperature and Heat Resource

ZHANG Zi-yuan, ZHENG Da-wei, PAN Yu-ying, PAN Zhi-hua   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 2. Shaanxi Agricultural Remote Sensing and Economic Crop Meteorological Service Center, Xi'an 710014
  • Accepted:2020-12-13 Online:2021-08-20 Published:2021-08-14

摘要: 积温与热量资源的概念广泛存在于国内文献及教材,但其传统定义有违物理学原理,英译用词及度量单位也不统一,需要给予准确的科学诠释并进一步规范化。本文分析了Web of Science的相关文献,综述了积温与热量资源概念的由来与发展,提出了应用中存在的问题。研究表明:虽然积温作为农业热量资源的主要指标并广泛应用,但植物和变温动物完成某个阶段的生长发育并非需要一定数量的积温,而是需要适宜温度条件和必要的持续时间;过高的温度或过多的热量反而可造成伤害,有时有的物种反而需要相对较低的温度条件。建议将“热量资源”改称“温度资源”,即有利于植物与变温动物生长发育的温度条件与其持续时间的综合,从而赋予积温和温度资源充分的生物学与物理学意义。

关键词: 热时, 度·日, 积温, 热量资源, 度量单位, 科学性

Abstract: The concepts of accumulated temperature and heat resources have been widely presented in domestic literature and teaching materials, and accumulated temperature is usually as the main form of representation of heat resource. But its traditional definition obviously violates the principles of physics, and the measurement units also have not been unified. It urgently needs to be given an accurate scientific interpretation and further standardized. Based on the origin and development history of the concepts of accumulated temperature and heat resources, the problems in its practical application are reviewed in this paper, and the application frequency, geographical distribution characteristics of the term of accumulated temperature and its synonyms through Web of Science related literature are statistically analyzed and compared. The results show that, although accumulated temperature is the main indicator of traditional term of agricultural heat resources and is widely used, however, in fact, plants and cold-blooded animals do not need a certain amount of heat energy to complete a certain stage of growth and development, but require suitable temperature conditions and necessary duration. Excessive heat or too high temperature will cause damage to organisms, and some species even require relatively lower temperatures. On the other hand, literature search and statistics show that the term “accumulated temperature” has been rarer and rarer used in the international academic communities now, and the term “heat resource” is also rarely used in authoritative agricultural meteorological literature. In order to promote a more accurate and scientific term, it is recommended to stop use of the term “accumulated temperature” in Chinese Scientific Journals and to change into "integrated temperature" or "thermal time". And the unit should be unified into "℃·d" or “℃·h” and not “℃”. The term of “heat resource” is also changed to “temperature resource” and broadened, i.e. the synthesis of temperature conditions and their duration conducive to growth and development of plants and cold-blood animals. It will give full scientific significance without affecting the large number of applications and achievements of the current accumulated temperature theory, and will promote further development of agricultural meteorology and related disciplines.

Key words: Thermal time, Degree-day, Accumulated temperature, Heat resource, Measuring unit, Scientificalness