中国农业气象

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近48年新疆夏半年参考作物蒸散量时空变化

普宗朝;张山清;   

  1. 新疆乌鲁木齐市气象局;
  • 出版日期:2011-02-10 发布日期:2011-02-10
  • 基金资助:
    新疆气象科研项目(200708)

Study on Spatial-temporal Variation Characteristic of Summer Half Year ETo in Recent 48 Years in Xinjiang

PU Zong-chao,ZHANG Shan-qing(Urumqi Meteorological Bureau of Xinjiang,Urumqi 830001,China)   

  • Online:2011-02-10 Published:2011-02-10

摘要: 利用新疆101个气象站1961-2008年夏半年(4-9月)逐月气候资料,在采用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算出各站逐月参考作物蒸散量的基础上,使用气候倾向率、累积距平、t检验、Morlet小波、相关分析和Kriging插值技术等方法,对新疆近48a夏半年参考作物蒸散量时空变化特征及其气候成因进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)新疆夏半年平均参考作物蒸散量为942.5mm,在空间分布上呈现"南疆大于北疆、东部大于西部、平原和盆(谷)地大于山区"的格局。其空间分布与各地气温、日照时数、降水量、平均风速和空气相对湿度具有较好的对应关系,表现为,气温高、风速大、日照充足、降水少、空气干燥的区域,夏半年参考作物蒸散量较大,反之,蒸散量较小。(2)1961-2008年新疆夏半年参考作物蒸散量与同期日照时数、平均风速呈显著的正相关,与降水量、空气相对湿度为显著的负相关,与平均气温的相关关系虽不显著,但两者的年际间波动趋势基本一致。近48a,受气温上升、风速减小、降水量增多、相对湿度增大的综合影响,新疆夏半年参考作物蒸散量总体以20.09mm.10a-1的倾向率呈极显著的减小趋势。(3)突变检测表明,新疆夏半年参考作物蒸散量于1986年发生了突变性的减小,突变后的平均参考作物蒸散量较突变前减少了65mm,减少6.6%。(4)新疆夏半年参考作物蒸散量存在4~5a、12a和准22a的周期性变化,预计未来数年参考作物蒸散量将有增大的趋势。

关键词: 新疆, 夏半年, 参考作物蒸散量, 时空变化特征, 气候成因

Abstract: Based on climatic data of the summer half year(from April to September) of 101 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2008 in Xinjiang,the spatial-temporal variation characteristic of summer half year potential evapotranspiration(ET0) and its climatic cause were analyzed by using the Penman-Monteith equation,linear regression,wavelet analysis,T-test and Kriging spatial interpolation methods in the recent 48 years in Xinjiang.The results showed:(1)the average ET0 in summer half year was 942.5 mm in Xinjiang,but the spatial distribution of ET0 was very obviously different in different regions,generally,the ET0 in the southern Xinjiang was larger than that in the northern,eastern larger than western,basin(valley) larger than the mountain areas.There was significant correlative relation between the spatial distribution of the ET0 and the mean temperature,sunshine hours,precipitation,mean wind speed and relative humidity in the different regions in Xinjiang.In general,the value of ET0 was large in the regions with high temperature,abundant sunshine hours,rare precipitation,lower relative humidity and large wind speed,and vice versa.(2)The correlative analysis showed that there was significantly positive correlation between the summer half year ET0 and the sunshine hours,average wind speed,and significantly negative correlation between the summer half year ET0 and precipitation,average air relative humidity.The correlative dependence was not significant between the summer half year ET0and average temperature,but the annual change tendency between them were consistent.Nearly 48 years,the mean temperature,precipitation and air relative humidity in summer half year were taking on a increasing tendency,and the wind speed was decreasing,but the trend of sunshine hours was not obvious in Xinjiang,in the comprehensive influence of climatic factors,the summer half year ET0 was significantly decreasing by the rate of-20.09mm per 10 years from 1961 to 2008 in Xinjiang.(3) The abrupt examination indicated that the summer half year ET0 had significantly sudden decreases in 1986,and the ET0 after 1986 reduce 65mm than before 1986 by 6.6%.(4)The summer half year ET0 have the cyclical change of 4~5 years,12 years and quasi-22 years.It can be seen from the wavelet transform structure of summer half year ET0,the periodic variation of the various time scales in recent years are in the positive half-period.Therefore,it is expected that the summer half year ET0 will increase in the next few years in Xinjiang.

Key words: Xinjiang, Xinjiang, Summer half year, Potential evapotranspiration, Spatial-temporal variation characteristic, Climatic cause