优化施氮条件下添加生物炭对宁夏灌区土壤条件和水稻生长的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2019.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以水稻品种宁粳43号为材料，在宁夏灌区就施用氮肥和添加生物炭进行田间裂区试验，设计不施氮（N0，0kg·hm-2）、优化施氮（N1，240kg·hm-2）和常规施氮（N2，300kg·hm-2）3个氮肥水平以及4个生物炭水平（C0，0kg·hm-2；C1，4500kg·hm-2；C2，9000kg·hm-2；C3，13500kg·hm-2），共12个处理。在水稻收获期利用土钻取样，测定土壤基本性质；在分蘖期、拔节期、灌浆期随机取植株样，分别对水稻总根长、根系表面积、根尖数等根系生长指标和根冠比、植株地上生物量等水稻生长指标进行测定；成熟期采用五点取样法对各处理水稻产量进行测定，以探究不同施氮水平下添加生物炭对土壤条件和水稻生长的影响。结果表明，（1）施加氮肥无法改善土壤养分状况，而生物炭的添加可以增加土壤养分含量；（2）施用氮肥和添加生物炭均能促进水稻根系生长，且优化施氮水平与常规施氮处理间不存在显著差异；（3）优化施氮与常规施氮处理间水稻产量无显著性差异，而生物炭添加可以增加水稻产量，其中优化施氮处理中，9000kg·hm-2的生物炭添加水平增加了15.5%的理论产量。因此，生物炭的添加可改善土壤养分状况，促进水稻生长，进而增加水稻产量，可配合施用生物炭对宁夏稻田进行氮肥减量。

关键词: 氮肥减量, 生物炭, 土壤条件, 水稻根系, 水稻产量

Abstract:

Taking rice variety Ningjing43 as materials, the cracking test was carried out under nitrogen and biochar addition condition in Ningxia irrigation area. None nitrogen (0kg·ha-1), optimization of nitrogen (240kg·ha-1), routine nitrogen (300kg·ha-1) and three levels of biochar addition including C0(0kg·ha-1), C1(4500kg·ha-1), C2(9000kg·ha-1), C3(13500kg·ha-1), 12 treatments in total, were designed. Soil samples were collected in harvest stage of rice by soil-drills to determine basic properties. Plants samples were randomly selected in tillering stage, jointing stage and filling stage to measure the growth index such as root length, root surface area, root tips and root-shoot ratio, aboveground biomass. Rice production was tested in harvest stage through five-point sampling method. The 3 measurements aimed to study the effect of adding biochar under different nitrogen applications on soil conditions and rice growth in Ningxia irrigation area. The main results were as followed, (1) application of nitrogen fertilizer did not improve soil nutrient status, while biochar addition increased soil nutrient content. (2) Application of nitrogen fertilizer and addition of biochar both promoted root growth, and there was no significant difference between optimized nitrogen application and conventional nitrogen application. (3) There was no significant difference in rice yield between optimized nitrogen application and conventional nitrogen application, and biochar addition increased rice yield. 9000kg·ha-1 of biochar addition in optimized nitrogen application increased the theoretical yield by 15.5%. Therefore, the addition of biochar improved soil nutrient status, promoted rice growth, and increased rice yield. And moreover, biochar addition can be applied to Ningxia rice fields in combination with nitrogen fertilizer reduction.

Key words: Nitrogen, Biochar, Soil condition, Rice roots, Rice production

高悦，张爱平，杜章留，刘汝亮，洪瑜，胡世民，杨正礼. 优化施氮条件下添加生物炭对宁夏灌区土壤条件和水稻生长的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2019, 40(05): 327-336.

GAO Yue, ZHANG Ai-ping, DU Zhang-liu, LIU Ru-liang, HONG Yu, HU Shi-min, YANG Zheng-li. Effects of Biochar on Soil Conditions and Rice Growth in Ningxia Irrigated Area under Optimized Nitrogen Application Conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2019, 40(05): 327-336.

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