中国农业气象 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (01): 56-68.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2021.01.006

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

苗期高温高湿影响番茄花芽分化进程的机理探讨

黄琴琴,杨再强,刘显男,王学林,徐超,丁宇晖,李佳佳,郑芊彤   

  1. 1. 南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京 210044;2. 江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京 210044,3. 合肥市气象局,合肥 230041
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-19 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2021-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 杨再强,教授,研究方向为设施农业气象、特色农业气象、农业生物环境调控,E-mail:yzq@nuist.edu.cn E-mail:yzq@nuist.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:黄琴琴,E-mail:1510141893@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“高温高湿对设施番茄果实品质影响机理及风险评估模型的研究”(41775104);“高温胁迫下氮素对设施番茄果实糖酸代谢影响机理与品质调控的研究”(41975142);科技部重点研发计划“主要经济作物气象灾害风险预警及防灾减灾关键技术”(2019YFD100021)

Discussion on the Mechanism of Effects of High Temperature and Humidity on Tomato Flower Bud Differentiation in Seedling Stage

HUANG Qin-qin, YANG Zai-qiang,LIU Xian-nan, WANG Xue-lin,XU Chao, DING Yu-hui, LI Jia-jia, ZHENG Qian-tong   

  1. 1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;2. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology, Nanjing 210044; 3.Hefei Meteorological Bureau, Hefei 230041
  • Received:2020-07-19 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-01-17

摘要: 以番茄品种“寿和粉冠”为试材,于2020年4−7月在南京信息工程大学农业气象试验站进行气温、空气相对湿度、处理天数的正交试验,气温(昼温/夜温)设4个处理水平:T1(32℃/22℃)、T2(35℃/25℃)、T3(38℃/28℃)和T4(41℃/31℃);空气湿度设3个处理水平:H1(50%)、H2(70%)和H3(90%),误差范围在±5个百分点;处理天数为2、4、6和8d。以昼温/夜温28℃/18℃、空气相对湿度45%~55%处理为对照(CK)。在番茄花芽分化各个时期分别测量顶芽内源激素、淀粉和可溶性糖含量,在现蕾期测量茎粗、单株干质量、壮苗指数和叶绿素含量,以研究苗期高温高湿影响番茄花芽分化进程的机理。结果表明:(1)随着温度升高,整个花芽分化过程随着温度的升高而延长,而空气相对湿度和处理天数对番茄花芽分化进程影响不大。(2)不同处理下番茄顶芽IAA和GA3含量随着花芽分化出现降—升—降的趋势,ZT和ABA含量出现与IAA完全相反的趋势。IAA、ZT、GA3含量均随着温度、相对湿度和处理天数的增加逐渐降低,ABA含量随着胁迫程度的增加逐渐升高。(3)番茄叶片淀粉和叶绿素含量随花芽分化进程逐渐降低,可溶性糖含量从未分化期到雄蕊分化期逐渐升高,雌蕊分化期间逐渐降低。随着胁迫程度的加深,各处理间差异显著。表明高温高湿对番茄花芽分化的抑制作用可能与内源激素含量变化、营养物质减少有关,花芽分化初期环境温度应控制在CK水平,温度越高越不利于番茄花芽分化。

关键词: 番茄, 高温, 高湿, 内源激素, 花芽分化进程, 营养物质

Abstract: In order to study the mechanism of high temperature and humidity affecting the differentiation of tomato flower buds, the tomato variety "Shouhe Fenguan" was used as the test material. The orthogonal test of air temperature, air relative humidity and treatment days was conducted in the agricultural meteorological experimental station of Nanjing University of information technology from April to July 2020. The air temperature (day temperature / night temperature) was set with four treatment levels: T1 (32℃/22℃), T2 (35℃/25℃), T3 (38℃/28℃), T4 (41℃/31℃); The air humidity was set at three levels: H1 (50%), H2(70%) and H3(90%), error range is ±5 percentage points. The treatment time was 2,4,6 and 8 days. The treatments of day / night temperature 28℃/18℃ and air relative humidity 45% − 55% were used as control (CK). The contents of endogenous hormones, starch and soluble sugar were measured at different stages of tomato flower bud differentiation, and stem diameter, dry weight of single plant, strong seedling index and chlorophyll content were measured at budding stage to study the mechanism of high temperature and high humidity on flower bud differentiation of tomato. The results showed that: (1) with the increase of temperature, the whole process of flower bud differentiation was prolonged with the increase of temperature, while the air relative humidity and treatment days had little effect on the process of tomato flower bud differentiation. (2) Under different treatments, the contents of IAA and GA3 in the top buds of tomato decreased, increased and decreased with the flower bud differentiation, while the contents of ZT and ABA showed the opposite trend with IAA. The contents of IAA, ZT and GA3 decreased with the increase of temperature, relative humidity and treatment days, while ABA content increased with the increase of stress degree. (3) The content of starch and chlorophyll in tomato leaves decreased gradually with the process of flower bud differentiation. Soluble sugar content increased gradually from non differentiation stage to stamen differentiation stage, and decreased gradually during pistil differentiation stage. With the deepening of stress degree, there were significant differences among the treatments. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of high temperature and high humidity on tomato flower bud differentiation might be related to the change of endogenous hormone content and the decrease of nutrients. The environmental temperature should be controlled at the level of CK at the initial stage of flower bud differentiation. The higher the temperature, the more unfavorable it would be. The results can provide some scientific basis for tomato growth environment regulation and disaster warning.

Key words: Tomato, High temperature, High humidity, Endogenous hormones, Flower bud differentiation process, Nutrients