Abstract: Taking “One Belt and One Road” region as the research area, based on monthly historical climate data from 1990 to 2018 and annual vegetation phenology data from 1981 to 2016, trend analysis and statistical analysis are used to study spatiotemporal variation of extreme climate events and vegetation phenology, and select cultivated land in Southeast Europe, Inner Mongolia grassland in China, cultivated land in the Indian mainland, and cultivated land in northern Thailand as typical agricultural regions, and analyze the influence of typical extreme climate events on the growing season. The results showed that, (1) the extreme climate events in “One Belt and One Road” region are mainly extreme warm and cool events, and generally show an increasing trend. The increasing trend of extreme high temperature events is obvious, while extreme low temperature events show a decreasing trend. (2) Start of Season (SOS), End of Season (EOS) and the Length of Season (LOS) are generally layered with latitude, altitude and precipitation also significantly affect the growing season. Under the influence of global warming, SOS in most areas of “One Belt and One Road” region has a trend of advancement, while EOS has a trend of delay, which leads to a general extension of LOS. (3) When an extreme high temperature event occurs, SOS generally early, while EOS generally postponed. Extreme low temperature events will cause the delay of SOS and the advance of EOS. In addition, the more severe the extreme climate events, the greater the impact on vegetation phenology.

Key words: One Belt and One Road, Extreme climate events, Growing season, Crops, Climate change