Table of Content

10 April 2008, Volume 29 Issue 02

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A Preliminary Study on Soil Respiration of Eroded Sloping Land in Chinese Loess Plateau

LI Rong,LI Yong**,LI Jun-jie,SUN Li-fang,ZHANG Qing-wen(Institute of Environment and Sustainable in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

2008, 29(02):  123-126. 

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We measured the soil respiration of an eroded hillslope in the Chinese Loess Plateau by using Automated Soil CO2 Flux System.The soil erosion/deposition on the slope was determined by the measurements of137Cs inventory.The results indicated that soil respiration rates were significantly lower at non eroded sites on the summit than that at deposition sites on the slope bottom,but no significant differences were observed for the middle slope sites as compared with the leveled summit.The curves of daily rate of the soil respiration among different positions were similar.The soil temperature at the soil depth of 5 cm was a key factor controlling the soil respiration rate,and the temperature effect decreased with the decline of soil water contents.There existed a significant positive correlation between the soil respiration and the soil water contents,the correlation coefficients were 0.891,0.878 and 0.892(p=0.043,0.050,0.042)for the summit,middle and lower slope respectively.There was no linear or exponential correlation between the soil temperature and the soil respiration rate.

Study on Adaptation Measures of Potato Production by Using DSSAT Crop Model

SUN Fang1,LIN Er-da1,LI Jian-ping2,XIONG Wei1(1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Key Open Laboratory of Agro-environment and Climate Change ofthe Ministry of Agriculture of China,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;2.Ningxia Key Laboratory forMeteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction)

2008, 29(02):  127-129. 

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The potato production was simulated in Ningxia at 25km×25km grid under B2 emission scenario by using DSSAT crop model associated with the climate change scenario produced by PRECIS(Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies).The results showed that keeping potato variety and field managements unchanged and taking account of CO2 fertilization,by 2020S and 2050S,the potato yield will increase 11.3% and 13.3% respectively under B2 scenario,and the growing season will shorten about 5% and 3%.If the sowing date was advanced and other measures didn't be changed,the potato yield would increase and growing season would prolong.But when the advanced sowing date exceeded 10 days,the increasing extent of yield would decrease.Contrarily,potato yield would decrease and growing season would shorten when sowing date were postponed.While changing the cultivar sensitivity coefficient to air temperature(TC),the simulation results indicated that the yield and growing season of potato would augment when TC was decreased,if TC was increased,the yield and growing season of potato would descend.So advanced sowing data and planted lower TC potato would reduce the adverse impacts of climate change on Ningxia potato production.

Characteristics of N_2O Flux in Winter Wheat Field under Different Field Managements

WAN Yun-fan,LI Yu'e,GAO Qing-zhu,LIU Yun-tong,QIN Xiao-bo(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

2008, 29(02):  130-133. 

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The characteristics of the nitrous oxide flux in the winter wheat field under different field managements,such as tillage(CK),straw cover,non-tillage,straw deep fertilization and organic manure application was monitored by the static automated chamber and field continuous measurement system.The results showed that the high N2O flux occurred from 12:00 to 17:00,while the low N2O flux was from 0:00 to 3:00.N2O flux during spike formation stage of winter wheat was significantly correlated with the air temperature and the soil temperature at 5 cm depth.The synchronous irrigation and fertilization during jointing stage of winter wheat would lead to a 15-20 days N2O flux peak.The amount of N2O emission under different field managements during growing period of winter wheat from high to low was arranged in turn organic manure application,non-tillage,straw cover,straw deep fertilization and tillage,and their differences were extremely significant.However,the differences of N2O emission amount among the treatments of straw cover,straw deep application and tillage were not significant.

Climate Warming and its Impacts in Chifeng

YOU Li1,CHENG Yu-qin2,GUO Rui-qing3,LI Jun-you2,DING Xiao-hua1(1.Climate Center of Inner Mongolia,Huhhot 010051 China;2.Observatory of Chifeng City;3.Meteorological Information Center of Inner Mongolia)

2008, 29(02):  134-138. 

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Based on the data of the surface air temperature,precipitation and sand-dust storm from 1951 to 2006 in Chifeng,the trend of the climate variation in Chifeng during the last 50 years was analysed and the impacts of the climate warming was studied.The result showed that the climate warming had been observed since 1980s in Chifeng.It was the key year of the climate sudden change in 1987.The days with low surface air temperature were obviously less than before.The frostless season prolonged.The accumulated surface air temperature increased.The probability of the extreme weather events,such as the drought or flood and precipitation anomalies increased.The probability of strong wind and sand-dust storm decreased.It was concluded that the impacts of the climate warming on agriculture were more advantageous than disadvantageous,but contrarily on ecological systems.

Multi-time Scale Analysis of Climate Change in Desert Areas of Alashan During 1961-2005

HAN Hai-tao1,HU Wen-chao1,SI Jian-hua2,ZHANG Kai3 (1.Gansu Meteorological Information Center,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Alashan Desert Eco-hydrological Experimental Research Station,Research Institute of Environment and Engineering for Cold and Arid Region,Chinese Academy of Science;3.Lanzhou Institute of AridMeteorology,China Meteorological Administration)

2008, 29(02):  139-142. 

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Based on temperature and precipitation data of 1961-2005,the multi-time scales characteristics of climate variation in the Alashan Region was analyzed by using Mexican Hat wavelet analysis.The periodic oscillation of the annual mean temperature and precipitation variation and the points of abrupt change at different time scales along the time series were discovered.According to the main periods,the trend of climate variation in the future was also estimated.The results indicated that the air temperature increased in the 1980s,and the point of abrupt change occurred in 1986.The drought period was from the 1980s to the 1990s with very little precipitation and the point of abrupt change was in middle 1980s.Based on the main period in the Alaskan Region,it was estimated,that the air temperature had an increasing trend,but the precipitation had a decreasing trend,namely the climate in Alaskan region in the future became warmer and drier.

Research on Change Trend of Temperature and Precipitation in Cangzhou Nearly 40 Years

GONG Yu1,XING Kai-Cheng2,WANG Pu3(1.Tangshan Meteorological Bureau,Tangshan 063000,China;2.Cangzhou Meteorological Bureau;3.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University)

2008, 29(02):  143-145. 

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By using linear and Rescaled Range Analysis(R/S),the change characteristics and the future trends of the annual precipitation and the annual average temperature in Cangzhou were analyzed.The results showed that change characteristics and the future trends of the temperature and annual precipitation were not same entirely.The temperature increased in the past 35 years with a change rate by 0.394 ℃ per ten years,while the Hurst index was 0.848 which indicated that there existed obvious Hurst phenomenon in the future.Although the annual precipitation was declining in the past 51years,but the Hurst index of the precipitation was only 0.53 which meant that the annual precipitation in the future was likely to change or remain stable in this region.

Analysis of the Precipitation Characteristics in the Four Lake Watershed of Jianghan Plain

WU Qi-xia1,ZHU Jian-qiang1,GENG Xian-bo2(1.Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory on Waterlogging Disaster and Wetland Agriculture,Jingzhou 434025,China;2.Agricultural Meteorological Station of Jingzhou)

2008, 29(02):  146-150. 

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Through statistic analysis of the data from1958 to 2000 in five stations of the Four Lake Watershed in Hubei Province,the characteristics and trend of precipitation were analyzed.The result showed that the regional differences of the precipitation among the region were not prominence.The seasonal distribution of the precipitation was asymmetrical,while the inter-annual standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the precipitation was 204.9 and 0.19 respectively.The precipitation during the summer and autumn accounted for 70.49 % of the annual precipitation.Used the Z index,the flood/drought status from 1958 to 2000 in the Four Lake Watershed was analyzed.The probability of flood and drought was almost equivalent with 25.58% and 27.91% respectively.The hydrologic-meteorological index and the modulus coefficient were used to analyze the trend of the wet and low water change of precipitation,of the continual ample water and low water,and their distribution features.The result showed that the precipitation in Four Lake Watershed existed three effectual durations of continual ample water and five effectual durations of continual low water from 1958 to 2000.

A Preliminary Study on Responses of Climate Conditions to Changes of Anser fabalis' Phenology

QI Ru-ying1,QI Yong-ting2,WANG Qi-lan3,ZHU Xi-de1(1.Climate Center of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,China;2.China Agricultural University;3.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Science)

2008, 29(02):  151-153. 

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Based on the data of the phonological phase of the Chinese Goose(Anser fabalis) and meteorological data of the ground and upper air from 1983 to 2005 in Nuomuhong meteorological station,where the migrated Chinese Goose passed through,the response of the phonological phase of the Chinese Goose to climate factor changes were analyzed.The results showed that the days of the starting warble phase(SWP),the halting warble phase(HWP) and days between SWP and HWP changed with climate factor change,while climate factors of the upper air had more significant impacts on the phonological phase than ground climate factors.The temperature by 500hPa upper air had more significant impact than that by 100hPa upper air.The main climate factors which influenced HWP and days between SWP and HWP were the altitude by 500hPa upper air in July and the temperature by 500hPa upper air between July and August.The increased altitude by 500hPa upper air and the decreased temperature by 500hPa upper air in February jointly led to advance of the SWP,while decreased altitude by 500hPa upper air in July and the increased temperature by 500hPa upper air between July and August jointly led to postpone of the HWP.Therefore,the days between SWP and HWP were delayed.

Influence of Cerium (Ce~(3+)) on Photorespiration of Soybean Seedling under Supplementary UV-B Radiation Stress

DAI Hao2,ZHOU Qing1,2(1.Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology,Ministry of Education,Jiangnan University,Wuxi214122 China;2.College of Environment and Civil Engineering,Jiangnan University)

2008, 29(02):  154-156. 

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Influence of cerium(Ce3+) on photorespiration rate,photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll content of soybean seedlings exposed to two levels of ultraviolet-B radiation(UV-B,280-320 nm) was studied with hydroponics under laboratory conditions.The results showed that the photorespiration rate effectively increased without UV-B stress;the photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll content decreased caused by UV-B radiation;and all of the indexes with Ce+UV-B treatment were better than those with UV-B treatment,compared with the check as the soybean seedling was pretreated by 20mgL-1CeCl3.The photorespiration rate,photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll content of the soybean seedlings increased by 20mgL-1CeCl3 treatment as stressed under UV-B treatment.By increasing the photorespiration rate,the overplus phoenergy was exhausted.The damage to photosynthetic organs of the soybean seedlings was alleviated,the net photosynthesis rate under UV-B stress decreased,the degradation of chlorophyll was catabolic.Therefore,the resistance of plant to the adversity increased.

Climate Dryness/Wetness Status and Its Variation Characteristics in Guangdong Province

GUO Jing1,WU Ju-kai2,LI Yuan-hui3,WANG Chun-lin4,JING Yuan-shu1(1.Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Yangjiang;3.Meteorological Bureau of Xinxing County;4.Climate Center of Guangdong Province)

2008, 29(02):  157-161. 

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Along with global warming,the global and regional water balance and climate dryness/wetness status and its variation will be changed.Therefore,the regional water cycle and dryness/wetness status has become study focus.Based on the climate data of 86 meteorological stations in Guangdong Province,the daily potential evapotranspiration(ET0) from 1954 to 2005 in the area was calculated using the Penman-Monteith formulation,and the spatial-temporal variation of the precipitation and ET0 was analyzed.The climate dryness/wetness status was evaluated by Moisture Index(MI) which was recommended by the national criterion(BG/T20481-2006).The results showed that: 1) It was humid in Guangdong Province as a whole,however,the dryness/wetness status was spatially uneven.The spatial distribution pattern of MI was consistent with that of precipitation,i.e.there were three wet centers including Enping,Longmen and Haifeng.2) The seasonal variation of MI was mainly influenced by the precipitation,it showed distinct characteristics of wet and dry season.3) Both in Spring and in Autumn,MI spatially varied with latitude,but changing direction was opposite.The spring drought was more serious in the South than in the North of the Province,while the autumn drought was more serious in the North than in the South of the Province.As a whole,the autumn drought was more serious than spring drought in the Province.4) The annual average MI decreased slowly in last 50 years,implied that climate dryness/wetness status was tending to be hotter and drier in Guangdong Province.This study provided references for response measures to climate change,the exploitation and utilization of climate resources and planting zoning adjustment.

Analysis of Soil Moisture Changes in Southwestern Shandong Province

KONG Fan-zhong1,2,LIU Ji-min1,ZHANG Cui-ying1,WANG Wei1,WU Lei-zhu1(1.Meteorological Bureau of Heze City,Heze 274000,China;2.Institute of Meteorological Science of Shandong Province)

2008, 29(02):  162-165. 

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Drought occurrences in the Southwestern Shandong Province from the perspectives of the soil moisture were analyzed.By using the enumeration method and Markov model designed by Gabriel and Neumann,the soil moisture sequences were calculated under quasi-natural condition eliminating by jamming from year 1960 to year 2003.The probability densities of the drought duration and the successive quarter drought occurrences in the Southwestern Shandong Province were gained.The losing velocity of the soil moisture at the different soil moisture levels for each ten days without effective precipitation in future ten days were statistically calculated to reveal the relationship between soil moisture changes and seasons,and to determine the meteorological factors which affected the soil moisture.The effects of the precipitation at the different levels in improving the status of the soil drought were analyzed.

Analysis of Observational Difference for Relative Humidity between AWS and Manual Observation in Linxia

CUI Xue-zhen1,2,SHI Deng-ke1(1.Lanzhou Arid meteorology Research Institute,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730000,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture)

2008, 29(02):  166-169. 

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The Automatic Weather System(AWS) is taking the place of the manual observation in China's surface meteorological observation.There are differences for the relative humidity between the AWS and the manual observation in descending Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area.The differences directly influenced the application of the data.The observational data taken by the AWS and the manual observation in 2003 and 2004 were contrastively analyzed.The results showed that the average difference of two observations for relative humidity was by-2.87%,the amplitude was by-2.00%～-4.27%,and the maximum difference interval was by-6%～-15%.The value of the relative humidity by AWS was systematically lower than that by manual observation.The revising equation for two observation systems respectively was established based on the differences.It was validated that the equations reduced the deviation between AWS and manual observation.

Influence of Straw Mulching on Soil Evaporation in Summer Maize Field and Meteorological Elements Close to Ground

HU Shi1,3,XIE Xiao-li1,WANG Kai-rong1,2(1.Institute of Subtropical Agro-ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;2.Institute of Agro-ecology and Environmental Health,Qingdao Agricultural University;3.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

2008, 29(02):  170-173. 

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The experimental results of the straw mulching for summer maize showed that the soil evaporation in summer maize field significantly was decreased by the straw mulching.As the quantity of the mulched straw increased,the sensible heat flux increased,the latent heat flux decreased and the soil evaporation decreased gradually.The soil evaporation by the treatment of 5000kg/ha2 and 15000kg/ha2 straw mulching during the whole grow period decreased by 51.4mm and 75.4mm respectively,compared with the treatment of non-straw mulching.The straw mulching led to changes of meteorological elements close to the ground.The air temperature increased as the sensible heat flux increased,while the vapor pressure close to the ground decreased as the latent heat flux decreased.As the radiation to the ground was blocked by the straw mulching,the soil temperature decreased as the quantity of the mulched straw increased.

Features of Soil Moisture in Spring Sowing Time and Assessment of Drought and Waterlogging in Dandong Area

LIU Yun-hui1,ZHU Jian-chen2(1.Meteorological Bureau of Dandong City,Dandong 118000,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Fengcheng City)

2008, 29(02):  174-176. 

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The postponed spring sowing time due to the excessive soil moisture happened to a different extent in Dandong District every year.Based on the meteorological and soil moisture data at 10cm depths represented the plough layer from 1987 to 2006,the status of the soil moisture in the typical spring sowing dates,such as March 18th,April 18th and April 23rd,was analyzed and The drought and waterlogging were assessed by Z-index method.The results showed that the years with the normal range of the soil moisture during the spring sowing time were only taken 20%,and 80% of years were with an excessive soil moisture,namely with the waterlogging.

Relevance Analysis of Population Densities of Five Desert Shrub Species to Water-thermal Factors

YANG Ze-long1,BA Yan1,CHEN Jie2,QIN Mei-li3,4,DU Wen-xu1,XU Xiao-ping5(1.Inner Mongolia Meteorological Institute,Huhhot 010051,China;2.Inner Mongolian Meteorological Bureau;3.Life Science and Technology Institute,Inner Mongolia Normal University;4.No.2 Middle School of Dalate Banner;5.Meteorological Station of Animal Husbandry at Luanjingtan of Alashan League in Inner Mongolia)

2008, 29(02):  177-180. 

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Based on the data of locating observation on desert shrub from 1994 to 2000 in Xilingaole area of Alashan League in Inner Mongolia,the relevance of population densities of five desert shrub species to six water-thermal factors,including average air temperature,average maximum air temperature,average minimum air temperature,precipitation and ground temperature of 0-20cm and 20-80cm,was analyzed by using the gray relevant analysis on six time intervals,such as annual period,growth period,flourishing growth period,last annual period,last growth period and last flourishing growth period.The results showed that: 1).The relevance of the precipitation during the last flourishing growth period to Nitraria sibirica and the relevance of the precipitation during the last growth period to Zygophyllum pterocarpum were more significant,while the relevance of the precipitation during the growth period of the same year to other three species was more significant.2).There existed the following highly significant relevancies: the annual daily average air temperature and annual daily average minimum air temperature of the same year to Reaumures soongorica and Oxytropis aciphylla;the annual average ground temperature(0-20cm)and annual daily minimum air temperature of the same year to Caragana brachpoda;the daily average minimum air temperature and the average ground temperature(0-20cm)during the growth period of the same year to Zygophyllum pterocarpum;and the daily average air temperature during the growth period and the average ground temperature(0-20cm)of the same year to Nitraria sibirica.3).Except for Zygophyllum pterocarpum,the relevance of precipitation to desert shrubs was higher than thermal factors.But daily average minimum air temperature might be a basic climate factor for the fluctuation of desert shrub population,as the desert shrub had a higher minimum temperature threshold for the growth.As one of dominant species of desert shrub,Zygophyllum pterocarpum had a strong adaptability to the arid climate with high temperature and rare precipitation.

Impacts of Climate Warming on Phonological Period and Growth of Apple Tree in Loess Plateau of Gansu Province

PU Jin-yong1,2,YAO Xiao-ying3,YAO Xiao-hong2,XU Yan-ping2,WANG Wei-tai4(1.Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,Open Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster,China Meteorological Administration,Key Laboratory of Arid climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Agrometeorological Experimental Station of Tianshui;3.Tianshui Meteorological Bureau;4.Agrometeorological Experimental Station of Xifeng)

2008, 29(02):  181-183. 

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Based on the meteorological data of 1971-2005 and the phenological observation date of apple tree from 1984 to 2005 at the Agrometeorological Experimental Station of Xifen and Tianshui in Gansu Province,the impacts of climate warming on phonological period and growth of apple tree in Loess Plateau of Gansu Province were analyzed.The results indicated that annual average temperature increased by 0.9-1.8℃ in Loess Plateau of Gansu since 1971.The growing periods of the apple trees before the apple maturity,such as leaf bud open,leaf open and flowering advanced by about 14 days,while the growing periods of the apple trees after the apple maturity,such as the leaf color change and leaf fallen postponed by 2-5 days.The annual days of maximum temperature ≥30℃ and ≥35℃ in 1990's were 5.8-7.7 and 2.8 days more than in 1980's respectively.This led to the decrease of the fruit setting rate and quality of the fruit.The apple trees should be grown at the sites with higher altitude and the apple varieties should be improved in order to adapt to the climate warming.

Influence of Protected Cultivation on Growth and Development of Citron Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina)

DUAN Jin-sheng1,3,LI Zong-yan2,ZHOU Zhong-wen4(1.Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction,China Meteorological Administration,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Qingyang Meteorological Bureau;3.Xifeng Agro-meteorological Experiment Station;4.Zhengning Meteorological Bureau)

2008, 29(02):  184-187. 

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Based on the data of the field experiments in 2004-2006,the characteristics of the growth and development of the citron daylily(Hemerocallis citrina) under traditional growing pattern,and the hydrothermal effects and growth characteristics under the protected and field cultivation were compared.The results showed that the effect in increasing temperature and keeping soil moisture was significant by plastic mulching,while the growth period of the citron daylily advanced and grew better,but with relative lower yield.The excessive increase of the soil temperature in spring was effectively strained by the straw mulching,and the soil moisture evaporation was reduced.Consequently the picking period was extended with a relative high yield.It was concluded that the mulching during the overwintering period could reduce the non-effective consumption of the soil moisture in the non-growing periods,and reduce the influence of the spring drought on the growth of the citron daylily.The straw mulching was recommended as one of the low cost mulching techniques.

The Climatic Demarcation for Flue-cured Tobacco Suitably Lives in Tianshui

XU Yan-ping1,2,YAO Xiao-hong2,WANG Run-yuan1,XIN Chang-ye2(1.Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction,China Meteorological Administration,Key Laboratory of Arid climate Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Tianshui Agrometeorological Experiment Station)

2008, 29(02):  188-190. 

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The relationship between the meteorological conditions during the growing period and the yield of the flue-cured tobacco for seven counties in Tianshui was analyzed.The main meteorological factors which influenced the yield of the flue-cured tobacco were the precipitation during budding stage and resettling growth stage,namely in July,and the average air temperature in July and August.Based on the match of the precipitation and the average temperature to the different levels of the tobacco yield,the climate indexes were calculated and the climate division for the suitability of the flue-cured tobacco production was made.

Wavelet Analysis of Grain Crop Yield per Unit Area in Henan Province

ZHU Ye-yu1,2,LUO Nan2,DU Cai-yue2,WANG Ji-fang1(1.Climate Center of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450003,China;2.Xuchang Meteorological Bureau)

2008, 29(02):  191-193. 

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Based on the data of the grain crop yields per unit area from 1951 to 2004 in Henan Province,the change characteristic of the climate yields at multi-time scale was analyzed by using the wavelet analysis method.The results indicated that the grain crop yield per unit area showed an increasing tendency generally,but the fluctuation of the climate yield per unit area enlarged.The change period of the climate yield per unit area was roughly consistent with the historic drought and flood evolvement in Henan Province.The change of the climate yield per unit area showed two to four years and 20 years periods,but dominated by a two years period.

A Combination Forecasting Model for Grain Crop Yield in Fujian Province Based on Entropy Weight

ZHANG Xing1,WU Ju-xin2,CHEN Hui1,XIE Yi-fang1(1.Fujian Meteorological Bureau,Fuzhou 350001,China;2.Dongyang Meteorological Bureau)

2008, 29(02):  194-196. 

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A combination forecasting model was applied to forecast the grain production in Fujian Province and to improve the precision of the prediction.Five evaluation indicators were used to comprehensively compare the different forecasting methods.The weight of each model in the combination forecasting model was objectively calculated with entropy weight theory.Three production forecasting models were combined to establish a combination forecasting model for the grain yield by proper weights.The forecasting results of all the methods were weighted and summed to gain the final forecasting results.The combination forecasting model was used to simulate the crop yield from 1949 to 2004 in Fujian Province.The result showed that the combination forecasting method would increase forecasting accuracy and reduce risks at the same time.The forecast precision was obviously improved.

Analysis of Ecological and Climatic Suitability of Cured Tobacco in Zhaotong City

LI Xiao-yan1,HUANG Wei2,NI Xia2,MA Hong3,WANG Yu-Qin1,WU Ying1(1.Agrometeorological Station of Zhaotong,Zhaotong 657000,China;2.Institute of Tobacco Science of Zhaotong;3.Meteorological Station of Zhaotong)

2008, 29(02):  197-201. 

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Based on the meteorological data from 1980 to 2004 at the meteorological stations in Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province,the meteorological data in the planting regions of the high quality tobacco were analyzed in parallel,to assess the climatic suitability of the cured tobacco and the status of the ecological and climatic resource distribution in Zhaotong.The suitability devision for cured tobacco growing was remade by using indexes of the climatic suitability.The results showed that most parts of the Southwest Zhaotong and parts of the East Zhaotong were the most suitable regions for cured tobacco growing,where it belonged to north subtropical climate zone.The basin areas with the altitude from 1800 to 2000 m,the most parts of the mountain areas and the most parts of the mountain areas with the altitude from 900 to 1700 m were the suitable regions for cured tobacco growing,where it belonged to south temperate climate zone.

Responses of Peach Yields to Climate Change in Tianshui

YAO Xiao-ying1,2,ZHANG Yan3,MA Jie2,LI Xiao-he4,YOU Zhi-gang2(1.Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of China Meteorological Administration,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Tianshui,Meteorological Bureau;3.Institute of Agricultural Science of Tianshui;4.Qinan Meteorological Bureau)

2008, 29(02):  202-204. 

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Based on the data of peach phenology and the yield in 1981-2004 and meteorological data in 1961-2005,the responses of climate change on peach growth were statistically analyzed.The results indicated that the main meteorological factors influencing peach growth were the minimum temperature from the first to the second ten days of April,the precipitation in July and August and the sunshine percentage in August.By the analysis of the characteristics of climate factors for the last 45 years,it was concluded that the warmer and drier climate resulted in the advance of the phonological period of the peach.With the increase of the freeze damage in the early spring,the planting risk of the peach increased.The decreased trend of the precipitation in July and August was favorable to the maturity of the peach,while the decreased trend of the sunshine percentage was not favorable to the peach fruit yield and quality.

Retrieval of Vapor Content of Atmosphere Based on MODIS Data in Heilongjiang Province

LI Xiu-fen1,2,ZHENG You-fei3,YU Ying-nan2,WANG Chen-yi2(1.College of Atmosphere Science,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Heilongjiang Province;3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology)

2008, 29(02):  205-207. 

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By using the two-channel ratio arithmetic,the three-channel ratio arithmetic and the improved Jiang's three-channel ratio arithmetic,the vapor content of atmosphere was retrieved based on MODIS data in Heilongjiang Province.The retrieval precision was validated by using sounding real-measure data.It was indicated that the results retrieved by the two-channel ratio arithmetic were the best.The correlation coefficient between calculated results and the real-time measured data was 0.9664.The results retrieved by the three-channel ratio arithmetic took the second place.The relevant correlation coefficient was 0.939.The results retrieved by improved Jiang's arithmetic was the worst.The relevant correlation coefficient was 0.8358.The time change characteristic of the vapor content of atmosphere retrieved by the two-channel ratio arithmetic accorded with the seasonal climate change characteristic in Heilongjiang Province,while the spatial change characteristic accorded with the actual circumstance that the vapor gross above water body was bigger than it above land.Consequently the two-channel ratio arithmetic was a suitable retrieval method in Heilongjiang Province.

Land Use Changes and its impacts on Ecosystem Service Values in Yilihe Watershed of Xinjiang Autonomous Region

BAO Gui-rong1,BAI Chang-shou2,GAO Qing-zhu3,LI Ying4,HAO Xiang-wei4(1.College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia University for the Nationnalities,Tongliao 028043,China;2.Tongliao Environmental Monitoring Station of Inner Mongolia; 3.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;4.Meteorological Bureau of Zhungeer Banner)

2008, 29(02):  208-212. 

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The land use changes of Yilihe watershed of Xinjiang Autonomous Region was obtained by analyzing Landsat-TM data,which was with two period digital images taken in 1990 and 2000 respectively.The dynamics of the ecological environment quality caused by land use changes were evaluated by using the dominance value of landscape ecology and Costanza's method for evaluation of the world's ecosystem service.The results indicated that grasslands were the main landscape type in plain and hilly land of Yilihe watershed.From 1990 to 2000,the areas o f the water body,unused land and forestland declined,while the areas of the urban land,farmland and grassland expanded.The total degree of the predominance for the arable,unused and urban land increased form 33.4% to 38.3%.The adverse impacts were aggravated.Generally,the ecosystem service values of Yilihe watershed diminished by the land use change in the past ten years.The loss of ecosystem service values was around 4.4%,equaling to 6.38 ×107 US$.

Application of BP Neural Network in Yield Predication of Sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum L.) in Guangxi Province

OU Zhao-rong,TAN Zong-kun,HE Yan,DING Mei-hua,YANG Xin(Guangxi Research Institute of Meteorological Disasters Mitigation,Nanning 530022,China)

2008, 29(02):  213-216. 

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The data of the light,temperature and precipitation in the growing area of sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum L.) in Guangxi Autonomous Region was combined to the data with different period of the time by each ten days by using the expansion technique.The predicted factors with the correlative coefficient at 0.01 level of the significance were selected by using the method of correlative pervasive investigation.The regression model was established by the stepwise regression to predict the sugarcane yields.The prediction model of BP Neural Network was established by using the same factors of the stepwise regression at the same time.The precision of prediction and simulation results by the model of BP Neural Network was higher than that by the stepwise regression model.

A Preliminary Study on Method of Drought Monitoring in Sichuan Province Based on NOAA/AVHRR Data

QING Qing-tao,HOU Mei-ting,ZHANG Shun-qian(Sichuan Climate Center,Chengdu 610071,China)

2008, 29(02):  217-220. 

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Drought is a usual natural disaster.Remote sensing has been widely used to monitor the drought.In contrast with immediate satellite images,drought monitoring is always difficult.Thermal inertia and vegetation supply water index approach were widely applied in drought remote sensing monitoring at present,but the results were restricted at a certain extent by external conditions.Based on the land surface temperature-vegetation coverage(T-VC) method,the NOAA/AVHRR data during the first ten days of August 2006 was processed for sieving cloud to establish T-VC feature space,and equations of drought line and wet line,and to calculate the drought index.Combined with the surface observational data,drought level was determined.The thematic map of the drought remote sensing monitoring was mapped by using ENVI 4.0.The results showed that the monitoring consequence of the T-VC almost corresponded to the local observed monitoring results.The method was practical in the drought monitoring routine.

Influence of Agro-meteorological Disasters on Yield of Main Food Grain Crops in Tianshui

YAO Xiao-hong1,2,XU Yan-ping2,WANG RUN-yuan1,YUAN Bai-shun3,LIU Xiao-qiang3,HAN Wei-shun4(1.Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction,China Meteorological Administration,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Tianshui Agrometeorological Experiment Station;3.Tianshui Meteorological Bureau;4.Wushan Meteorological Bureau)

2008, 29(02):  221-223. 

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Based on the meteorological data and yields of the main grain crops in Tianshui,the relationship between the agro-meteorological disasters and the food grain crop yields was analyzed by using the mathematical models.The result showed that the main agro-meteorological disasters which influenced the grain yields of winter wheat and maize were the spring drought,early summer drought,steady rain in hot summer,drought in the last autumn,and unreasonable cold in early spring.The mathematical models for the climate yield of winter wheat and maize were built up based on the intensity of the agro-meteorological disasters.

Meteorological Prediction Model for Occurrence and Development of Bollworm(Heliothis armigera) in Shandong Province

CHENG Zhao-jin1,XUE Xiao-ping2,WANG Jian-yuan2,FENG Jian-she2,LI Hong-yi2,ZHENG Mei-qin3(1.Meteorological Bureau of Ju County,Ju County 276500,China;2.Shandong Climate Center;3.Meteorological Bureau of Rizhao City)

2008, 29(02):  224-229. 

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Based on meteorological and historical statistical data on the accumulative amount of bollworm(Heliothis armigera) eggs and occurrence of the bollworm from 1990 to 2004 collected by Shandong Plant Protecting Station.A short-medium term meteorological prediction model was established involving the accumulative amount of bollworm eggs and the degree of bollworm occurrence,by using the DPS data-processing system and the multiple regression method for the key meteorological factors.The results of the validation for 2005 and the last few years were preferable.The results provided references to monitoring and prediction of the bollworms and were of great significance for the guidance of prevention and reduction of agricultural disasters.

A Meteorological Forecast Model for Forest Pests in Western Chongqing

HE Yong-kun,YANG Yuan-yan,LUO Zi-zi(Chongqing Climate Center,Chongqing 401147,China)

2008, 29(02):  230-233. 

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Based on the analysis the observation data of the area of the forest pest occurrences from 1950 to 2020 in the Yongchuan District of Western Chongqing by period analysis method,the results showed that there existed a 5～7 years period for forest pest occurrences in the last 53 years and a quasi-2 years period in the 1980s.Through the statistical analysis of the forest pest occurrences and the meteorological elements,the temperature,atmospheric humidity in the spring and the midsummer,and the strong precipitation in the early summer were the main meteorological elements affecting forest pest occurrences in the Western Chongqing.Based on the correlation analysis,a meteorological forecast model for the forest pest occurrences was established by using Artificial Neural Network(ANN) method.The average errors of the forecast results during 1985 and 2002 were 4.85%.The validation by the back substitution showed a preferable result.

Occurrence Trend and Climate Background of Chilling Injury in Midsummer in Jianghan Plain of Hubei Province

ZHOU Shou-hua1,HUANG Yong-ping1,XIONG Qing-xue2(1.Ecology and Agro-Meteorological Center of Jianghan Plain of Hubei Province,Jingzhou 434025,China;2.Department of Agronomy,Changjiang University)

2008, 29(02):  234-236. 

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Based on the meteorological data observed by Jingzhou agri-meterological station from 1954 to 2006,the occurrence trend and climate background of chilling injury in midsummer in Jianghan Plain of Hubei Province were analyzed.The Results indicated that the occurrence frequency of the chilling injury in August in Jianghan Plain increased,while the interval of the chilling injury occurrence became longer and the strength of the temperature drop enhanced.The low temperature weather lasted three days or with lower than 23℃ of the daily mean air temperature in August had appeared for four years in succession since the 21st century.The climate backgrounds caused the chilling injury were mainly flooding during the rainy season and dog days,the cold summer and the cold air nitration.These extreme weather events led to a serious damage to the middle season rice production.The monitoring,forecast and precaution of these extreme weather events should be enhanced.

The Technology of Regeneration of Rice in Luxian County

ZHANG Nai-hong2,BAI Wen-bo1,LI Rui-ying1,WANG Ming-tian3,SONG Ji-qing1,LI Mao-song1(1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Developmentof Agriculture,The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment & Climate Change,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081;2.Luxian Bureau of Agriculture;3.Agricultural Meteorology Center of Sichuan)

2008, 29(02):  237-239. 

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Substantial flooding occurred from July 8 to 10,2007 in Luxian county,in the Sichuan province.The towns of Jiaming and Fuji were substantially affected,with submergence of fields larger than 80km2and inundation time of at least 60~92 hours.According to the meteorologic data,rainstorm took place in the regions on a large scale.Jiuqu valley was affected by flooding from the upriver,which induced to flood disaster.We initiated a detailed field investigation and comparative experiments,concluded that the main technical determinants for optimal use of ratooning rice to minimize the damaging effects of flooding were to cut the rice early,maintain low rice stemsand shallow water layer,enhance fertilization,prevent plant diseases and insect pests.