Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

Analysis of Correction Method on Eddy Flux Measurement over Complex Terrain

WANG Chun-lin1,2,ZHOU Guo-yi1,WANG Xu1, Zhou Chuan-yan1,YU Gui-rui3 (1.South China Botanical Garden,CAS,Guangzhou 510650,China;2.Climate and Agro-meteorological Center of Guangdong Province;3.Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources Research)

2007, 28(03): 233-240.

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Based on the observation data of the flux measurement in the subtropical coniferious and broad-leafed mixed forest ecosystem in Dinghushan,the influence of the typical correction method on eddy flux estimates of carbon dioxide was analyzed.The main results were as follows: 1) By using all of the three coordinate system transforming methods of Double Rotation(DR),Triple Rotation(TR) and Planer Fit(PF),the absolute values of CO2 flux(Fc) after terrain correction tended to be smaller than uncorrected values.Sequence order of changed Fc extend was DR

Grade Evaluation of Agro-climatic Resources in Chongqing

LIN Xiao-song1,YU Qing2 (1.College of River & Sea Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;2.Geographical Science College,Chongqing Normal University)

2007, 28(03): 241-245.

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Taking Chongqing City as a case study,the data for key factors of agro-climatic resources in the different counties of Chongqing was collected and simulated,by using the multi-regression analysis and spatial interpolation in GIS.The grade evaluation of agro-climatic resources was made with the integrated assessment method.The results indicated that there were not significant differences on the integrated satisfaction degree of agro-climatic resources among different counties in Chongqing,but the matching of the individual factor of agro-climatic resources was not good.The results would provide a basis for the agricultural planning in utilization of agro-climatic resources.

Characteristics of Changes of Meteorological Factors Affecting Corn Sowing in Shanxi Province

QIAN Jin-xia1,LI Fen2,XI Yu-xiang3 (1.Climate Center of Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030002,China;2. Meteorological Science and Technology Service Center of Shanxi Province;3.Meteorological Information Center of Shanxi Province)

2007, 28(03): 246-249.

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Based on the data of the daily air temperature and rainfall of 95 meteorological stations over spring corn region from 1970 to 2005,and the phenological observations of the spring corn of 12 agro-meteorological stations of Shanxi Province,the beginning day and variation of the first soaking rain and daily average temperature of ≥10℃ in spring,and the influence of the extreme minimum temperature in May on the growth of maize seedling were analyzed.The results showed that the first soaking rain in spring fell generally between the last ten days of April and the first ten days of May in all regions of Shanxi Province,which conformed to the corn sowing time.The regional drought and non soaking rain occurred frequently,which was disadvantageous to sowing of the spring corn.The beginning day of temperature ≥10℃ had an advanced trend.The extreme minimum temperature in May appeared to be increasing,but there still existed the risk of the spring frost in some years.

Analysis of Relationship on Soil Moisture and Climate Change in Rain-fed Agricultural Areas of Henan Province

FANG Wen-song,CHEN Huai-liang,LIU Rong-hua,WANG You-he,MA Zhi-hong (Institute of Meteorological Science of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

2007, 28(03): 250-253.

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Based on the data of the meteorological and soil moisture of eight agro-meteorological observation stations from 1981 to 2005 in Henan Province,the relationship on soil moisture and climate change in the rain-fed agricultural areas of Henan Province was analyzed.The results showed that the mean annual temperature increased averagely by 0.05℃ per year in the last 25 years,and the variation of annual precipitation was not observed.The soil moisture was negatively related to the temperature and positive related to the precipitation significantly.Due to the influence of warming up,the soil moisture in the rainfed farming areas in Henan Province showed a decreased tendency in recent 25 years.

Comprehensive Valuation of Agricultural Climate Resources in Tangshan Applying DTOPSIS Method

GAO Gui-qin1,QI Zuo-hui2,DONG Yu-wu3 (1.Meteorological Bureau of Tanghan City,Tangshan 063000,China;2.Bureau of Hebei People's Movie;3.Agricultural Academy of Tanshan City)

2007, 28(03): 254-257.

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The Agricultural climate resources for eleven counties in Tangshan City were comprehensively valuated applying the DTOPSIS analytical method.The result showed that the Tangshan City was divided into four zones according to the suitability of its agricultural climate resources: mild and humid frontal plain of mountain in the south of the Great Wall and the northwest part;warm and relative humid plain in the middle part;warm and sub-humid coastal area in the middle-south part;and mild and sub-humid in the southeast,northeast and southwest part.The suitability of agricultural climate resources showed a trend as follows: in the high latitude regions better than in the low latitude regions;in the plain better than in the coast area;and in the west plain better than in the middle plain.

Analysis on Change Characteristics of Agricultural Climate Resources in Changzhi City

WANG Zheng-wang,PANG Zhuan-tang,ZHANG Rui-ting,WEI Jian-jun,YANG Yan-ping (Meteorological Bureau of Changzhi City,Changzhi 046000,China)

2007, 28(03): 258-262.

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Based on the meteorological data of eleven counties in Changzhi City from 1961 to 2000,the change characteristics of the mean temperature and precipitation was statistically analyzed.It was concluded that the climate was warming up in Changzhi City,in particular in the 1990s,and warming up in winter was most significantly.The precipitation was decreasing and with a significant trend from the beginning of 1977.Between 1977 and 1984 it experienced a period of spare precipitation and a fluctuated decrease from 1985 to 2000. The climate change led to an increase in drought events,in particular in midsummer in 1990s.The frequency of the rainstorm process decreased from 1980s,and significantly in 1990.From early 1980s,the first frost date advanced,but the late frost date was slightly late by 1.3 days each 10 years.The active accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ steadily increased.The frostless season had gradually extended since 1970s.These characters would affect the layout and structure of agricultural production and crop planting.

Characteristics of Changes on Sunshine Hours and Wind Speed in Last 30 Years in Cangzhou

GONG Yu1,3,XING Kai-cheng2,WANG Pu3 (1.Meteorological Bureau of Tangshan City,Tangshan 063000,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Cangzhou City;3.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agriculture University)

2007, 28(03): 263-267.

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Based on the meteorological data from 1971 to 2000 in six stations in Cangzhou areas,the daily average wind speed and sunshine hours were analyzed by using statistical analysis and wavelet analytical methods.The results showed that the change of sunshine hours was not obviously for different years,but there was a vibration cycle in three and six years.The average wind speed showed a significant decline trend.The annual decline rate of the wind speed was by 0.04 m/s.The mutation of the average wind speed occurred in 1994.The average wind speed showed a decline trend in the different seasons.

Impacts of Future Climate Change on Yields of Winter Wheat in Chongqing

ZHANG Jian-ping1,LI Yong-hua1,GAO Yang-hua1,CHEN Yan-ying1,MEI Yong1,TANG Yun-hui1,HE Yong2 (1.Institute of Meteorological science of Chongqing City,Chongqing 401147,China;2.National Climate Centre,CMA)

2007, 28(03): 268-270.

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Impacts of the climate change on the yields of winter wheat for the last 40 years in Chongqing area were analyzed.The trend of changes on winter wheat yields for the future 50 years(2001-2050) was quantitatively estimated by using WOFOST crop model and BCC-T63 climate model.The results showed that under the climate change scenario,winter wheat yields would not largely fluctuate.The change range of yields would be between 2.0% and 5.0%,but the yield would be averagely reduced by 3.0%.

Studies on Potential Climate Productivity of Dryland Farming in Shouyang County of Shanxi Province

LIU Qin,YAN Chang-rong,HE Wen-qing (Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

2007, 28(03): 271-274.

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Based on the meteorological data for the period of 1967-1999 in Shouyang County,the photosynthetic,the photo-temperature and the photo-temperature-water potential productivities were estimated,which reached at 19.34 t/ha,12.95 t/ha and 4.90 t/ha respectively.The trend of the potential climate productivity during the growing period,namely from April to September year by year showed that the photosynthetic and the photo-temperature potential reduced generally,but the reduced trend of the photo-temperature-water potential was not significant.As showed at the isoline map,all of the photosynthetic,the photo-temperature and the photo-temperature-water potentials showed a decreased trend at different degree in late 1990s.The potential climate productivity kept continued to decline after 1999.

Characteristics and Compartment of Potential Climatic Productivity of Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) in Heilongjiang Province

GAO Yong-gang,NA Ji-hai,GU Hong,WEN Xiu-qing,YU Ying-nan,LIU Dan (Institute of Meteorological Science of Heilongjiang Province,Haerbin 150030,China)

2007, 28(03): 275-280.

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Based on the observational daily meteorological data of 81 stations from 1975 to 2004 and its interpolated daily meteorological grids data at the same time in Heilongjiang Province,the spatial characteristics of the potential climatic productivity of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)was simulated by using WOFOST crop growth model.The climate factors which affected the potential climatic productivity of potato were analyzed.According to the variation rate and coefficient of the potential climatic productivity,and four climatic factors such as average temperature,daily temperature difference between maximum and minimum,daily average sunshine hours and precipitation,the possible planting areas of potato were primarily divided into nine zones.

Impacts of Climate Change on Forage Potential Climate Productivity in Typical Grassland

ZHAO Hui-ying (Meteorological Bureau of Hulunbeier City,Hailaer 012008,China)

2007, 28(03): 281-284.

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The data of forage phenomenon and production in the last 45 years in the typical prairie area was used to analyze climate change and its impacts on forage production.by using mathematical statistics method.The results showed that the drier and warmer trend was significant in the typical steppe area.The average temperature increased by 0.7℃ and 1.6℃ in recent 20 and 45 years respectively.The annual precipitation decreased generally.It dropped 40mm and 27mm in the recent 20 and 45 years respectively.The precipitation was the dominant factor constrained the production potential in this area.The average forage productivity decreased 200.2kg/ha during last 45 years.The rate of the climate resource utilization was with 37.3%.The model based simulation results showed that the potential of forage production increased 47.9kg/ha per year and 12.1kg/ha per year separately,when the temperature decreased 1.0℃ and rainfall increased 1 mm respectively.

Effects of La on Leaf Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Degradation of Soybean(Glycine max) under Ultraviolet-B Stress

PENG Qian1,ZHOU Qing1,2 (1.Laboratory of Environmental Science,School of Biotechnology, Southern Yangtze University,Wuxi 214036,China;2.Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology,Ministry of Education,Southern Yangtze University)

2007, 28(03): 285-288.

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Effect of La on the chlorophyll content of Soybean(Glycine max) seedling under elevated ultraviolet-B radiation(UV-B,280-320 nm) was studied.When seedling was pretreated by La(Ⅲ),the content of the interim outcomes of the chlorophyll such as δ-amino-laevulic acid(ALA),proto bile pigment(PBG),proto-porphyrin-IX(Proto-IX) and magnesium protoporphyrin(Mg-Proto) increased,and the process from protochlorophyll to chlorophyll was accelerated.The La(Ⅲ) promoted the protective effect of plant against UV-B stress through delaying the form of the PBG,Proto-IX,Mg-Proto and ALA.Therefore,the chlorophyll biosynthesis was suffocated under the condition of UV-B stress.The restrained location was from ALA to PBG.

A Dynamic Simulation on Soil Moisture in North of Yangtze River in Anhui Province

CHEN Jin-hua,YANG Tai-ming,MA Xiao-qun,CHEN Xiao-yi (Institute of Meteorological Science of Anhui Province,Hefei 230031,China)

2007, 28(03): 289-291.

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Based on the measured soil moisture data of the top 20cm soil layer of eleven agro-meteorological stations in the North of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province from 1980 to 2000,the simulation models on the soil moisture for different seasons under different precipitation conditions were established.The critical precipitation(P0) in the time-interval for forecasting was defined,and four independent variables were cited such as initial soil relative moisture(θ′0),total precipitation(P),accumulated temperature(∑T>0) and hours of sunshine(∑R) in the time-interval for forecasting.As P>P0,P was modified to Ln(P).The simulated values of the relative soil moisture were validated by comparing with the observed values for both 2005 and 2006.It showed a highly coherence.Models could be used to forecast soil moisture in the field in North of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province.

Influence of Different Tillage Practices during Summer Fallow on Soil Moisture in Winter Wheat Field in Luoyang

LIU Shuang,WU Xue-ping,WU Hui-jun,LIANG Er,CAI Dian-xiong (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,CAAS, Beijing 100081,China)

2007, 28(03): 292-295.

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Based on the data of continuous field plot experiments for five years in Luoyang,the influence of four different tillage practices,namely reduced tillage(RT),no-tillage(NT),subsoiling(ST) and conventional tillage(CT) on the soil moisture,water use efficiency(WUE) and crop yields of winter wheat was studied.The results showed that the soil water content before sowing was obviously improved by the no-tillage and subsoiling,compared to that by the conventional tillage.According to the yield and WUE,treatments could be ranked from highest to lowest in turn as follows: ST,NT and RT.Therefore,we concluded that the subsoiling should be adopted in Luoyang area.

Influence of Meteorological Conditions During Spike Formation Stage on Number of Grain Per Spike and Setting Percentage of Rice

LOU Wei-ping1,SUN Yong-fei2,WU Li-hong3,MAO Yu-ding3 (1.Meteorological Bureau of Xinchang County,Xinchang 312500,China;2.Agricultural Bureau of Xinchang County;3.Climate Center of Zhejiang Province)

2007, 28(03): 296-299.

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Based on the data of the interval sowing under the field conditions,the influence of meteorological conditions on the number of grain per spike and setting percentage of rice Xieyou 9308 and Shaonuo119 were studied.The result showed that the temperature was the major meteorological factor that affected the number of grain per spike and setting percentage of rice.From 25 to 21 days before heading period,a opposite quadratic regression could be used to describe the relationship between the number of grain per spike and temperature,while the setting percentage had a quadratic regression with the temperature.The number of grain per spike would increase and the setting percentage would be improved when the air temperature was between 28.5℃ and 32.0℃ during the young panicle differentiation period.

Analysis of Effects of Transplanting at Different Seedling Ages of Supper Hybrid Rice in Mountain Areas of Guizhou Province

CHI Zai-xiang1,YANG Gui-lan2,TIAN Nan1,YANG li2,YANG Jin1,JIN Yu-rong2 (1.Meteorological Bureau of Southeast Guizhou,Kaili 556000,China;2.Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Southeast Guizhou)

2007, 28(03): 300-302.

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Based on the field experiment data of three supper hybrid rice varieties Zhunliangyou 527,Luliangyou 106 and Qianyou88 in Tianzhu County of Southeast Guizhou,effects of the transplanting at different seedling ages on rice growth and yield were analyzed.The results showed that the variety Zhunliangyou 527 required an optimum accumulated temperature of >10℃ was with 3400℃ and sunshine hours with 750 hours;The variety Luliangyou106 required an optimum accumulated temperature of >10℃ was with 3200℃ and sunshine hours with 700 hours;As for variety Qianyou 88,an optimum accumulated temperature of >10℃ with 3700℃ and sunshine hours with 800 hours were needed.The average yield per unit of three varieties reached at 800kg/ha,which met the requirements for a high yield of supper rice variety.The variety Zhunliangyou 527 got the highest yield,and the yield of the variety Luliangyou106 lay in the second place,and the yield of the variety Qianyou88 was lowest among three varieties.By young seedling transplanting,the growing period was prolonged by six to ten days and their yields were 123.0-339.3kg/ha higher,compared to the middle age transplanting.

A Study on Relationship between Starch Content of Rice and Climate Conditions in Yunnan Province

LUO Qing1,ZHU Yong2,PENG Guo-zhao1,ZHANG Mao-song2, WANG Xue-feng2 (1.Institution of Chengdu Plateau Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Chengdu 610072,China;2.Yunnan Agrometeorological Center)

2007, 28(03): 303-307.

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Based on the data of date tests on paddy rice Yunhui 290 in the Yunnan plateau,the effect of meteorological conditions to the starch content of rice was studied to identify the key factors and growing period.A comprehensive climatic-ecological model on the starch content of rice was developed.The results showed that the amylase content was positively related to the temperature,but related to the sunshine hour in a parabola form.The key period was between 15 days before heading and 5 days after heading.The amylopectin content was related to the temperature in a parabola form and the key period was between 10 days before heading and 15 days after heading,while it was positively to the sunshine hour and the key period was between 15 days before heading to 5 days after heading.With increasing of the sunshine hour,the amylopectin content increased.

Analysis of Climate Factors and Theirs Influence on Chemical Components of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves at Tobacco growing Areas of Hunan Province

LI Yan-yan1,XU Zi-cheng1,WANG Jin-ping2,XIAO Han-qian3 (1.College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2.Xinyang Normal College;3.Tobacco Corporation of Hunan Province)

2007, 28(03): 308-311.

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Climate factors at tobacco-growing areas in Hunan Province and the influence of heat and precipitation on chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves were analyzed.The results indicated that Hunan tobacco growing areas had suitable temperature,a long periods of time with daily average temperature of ≥20℃,more than 2600℃ for accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ and small temperature difference between day and night.But precipitation and air humidity were high and sunlight percentage was low during growing periods.With total precipitation during vigorous growing stage and day-and-night temperature difference decreasing,and with average temperature during root extending and vigorous growing stages and accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ increasing, it could be helpful for the development of high quality flue-cured tobacco leaves.Hunan tobacco-growing areas could be classified into three groups by cluster analysis method.The first group mainly included areas of South,Middle and East Hunan;The second group mainly included areas of West Hunan;The third group mainly included areas of Northwest Hunan.The climate factors and the tobacco quality traits for different groups were briefly described.

Relationships between Content of Leading Chemical Components of Tobacco Leaves and Ecological Factors in Yunnan Province

HUANG Zhong-yan1,WANG Shu-hui2,ZHU Yong1,SHAO Yan2, DENG Yun-long2,LI Tian-fu2 (1.Center of Agrometeorology and Remote Sensing Application of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650034,China;2.Research Institute of Tobacco Science of Yunnan Province)

2007, 28(03): 312-317.

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Based on the data of the soil and tobacco leaf samples in the 565 site in Yunan Provice,the influence of the tobacco variety,soil and climate conditions on five leading chemical components of tobacco,including the total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen,nicotine and protein content,were analyzed by using classification variance,correlation analysis and response analysis methods.The results showed that sunlight,air temperature and rainfall during field tobacco growing period were the main elements that affect tobacco chemical components;The temporal distribution and matching for sunshine duration,temperature and rainfall during field tobacco growing period in Yunnan influenced the contents of tobacco chemical components.More sunshine hours,lesser rainfall,higher average temperature and higher temperature differences between day and night in the prophase were propitious to accumulate sugar and to restrain the form of the nicotinamide and protein,while the sugar wastage and transfer decreased and the nitrogen content increased with lesser sunshine hours,more rainfall,lower average temperature and lower temperature differences between day and night in the metaphase and anaphase.The average temperature of each month during field tobacco growing period was negatively related to the sugar content of tobacco,but not significant to nicotine content.The content of total nitrogen and protein increased by the higher air temperature in July and August. The influence of soil conditions on chemical components of tobacco leaves was not significantly as meteorological factor.The differences of chemical components among four tobacco varieties were not remarkable.

Influence of Changes of Accumulation Temperature in Winter on Crop Growing Periods in Loess Plateau of Xifeng

FAN Xiao-chun1,2,GUO Jiang-yong3,YANG Xiao-li2 (1.Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Pingliang City;3.Meteorological Bureau of Qingyang City)

2007, 28(03): 318-321.

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Based on the data of the accumulation temperature in winter from 1965 to 2005 and the data of the growing period of winter wheat,apple and pear trees from 1981 to 2005 in Xifeng station,changes of the accumulated temperature in winter and crop growing periods were analyzed,by using correlation and comparison to typical years.The results indicated that the accumulated temperature in winter increased 5.5℃ per year from 1965 to 2005.The Crops' growing period had advanced since 1994.The accumulated temperature in winter was negatively related to the growing period of winter wheat,significantly for returning green,heading and jointing stage in turn.In typical years with higher winter accumulation temperature,such as 1986,1998 and 2000,the crop growing period advanced more than in the typical years with lower winter accumulation temperature such as 1983,1984 and 1988.The total length of growing period of winter wheat advanced 21 days,and for apple tree the leaf color change stage advanced 19 days,while the middle stage of the leaf color change of pear tree advanced 20 days.

Studies on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Soybean During Filling Period in Northeastern China

WANG Jian-lin1,YU Gui-rui2,QI Hua3 (1.Laiyang Agricultural College,Qingdao 266109,China;2.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences;3.Shenyang Agricultural University)

2007, 28(03): 322-325.

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The characteristics of photosynthetic rate in response to light intensity and the rules of diurnal variations in photosynthesis, light use efficiency and water use efficiency of the representative soybean leaves during the filling period in the Northeastern China were determined and investigated under the artificial and field conditions by using the portable photosynthesis system(LI-6400).The results showed that photosynthetic rate in response to the photosynthetically active radiation flow followed a typical nonlinear curve,which could be expressed by Michalis-Menten equation.Under natural light conditions,apparent maximum photosynthetic rate and initial quantum efficiency were 37.25μmol CO2m-2s-1 and 0.0376μmol CO2m-2s-1 respectively.Changes in photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,photosynthetically active radiation,air temperature,light use efficiency and water use efficiency along with the time elapsed could be simulated by sine curves,but the peaks came forth differently in time.The peak of the photosynthesis and stomatal conductance appeared at the forenoon,while the peak of the photosynthetically active radiation appeared at noon and for transpiration and air temperature in the afternoon,which indicated that fall in photosynthesis because of stomatal limit caused by higher air temperature,rather than the light stress.Light use efficiency of soybean decreased with the time elapsed and stabilized between 0.015 and 0.02μmol CO2m-2s-1 at about 10:30.Water use efficiency of soybean differed significantly.It was higher in the forenoon than that in the afternoon,which could also be caused by temperature.

Influence of Meteorological Conditions on Some Quality Factors of Wine Grape

ZHANG Xiao-yu,LIU Yu-lan,ZHANG Lei,YUAN Hai-yan,KANG Yan-li,SUN Zhan-bo (Ningxia Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Yinchuan 750002,China)

2007, 28(03): 326-330.

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Based on the data of wine grape's sampling from field experiments during 2004 and 2005 in six provinces in the Northern China,the relationship between quality of wine grape and meteorological conditions was analyzed,The results showed that the key periods affected the quality of wine grape were the fruit expanding to fruit-coloring and fruit coloring to mature period.The precipitation and precipitation-thermo coefficient(R) during July and August were the most important factor affected total sugar content of wine grape.As R7-8>130mm and K7-8>1.62,the total sugar content would be less than 170g/L which was the minimum sugar content reguirement for wine grape.The total acid content slowly increased as the R increased.The tannin content formed parabola relationship with sunshine duration in August.The pH of wine grape increased as the increase of mean maximum temperature during anthesis to harvest period,and of the evaporation during fruit expanding period.

Influence of Meteorological Factors During Harvesting Time on Yield and Quality of Essential Oil of Scotchish Spearmint(Mentha cardiaca L.)

DOU Hong-tao1,XIAO Hong-xi2 (1.Xi'an Agricultural Science Research Institute/Agricultural Technological Extension Center,Xi'an 710061,China;2.Xi'an Fruit-related Technological Extension Center)

2007, 28(03): 331-333.

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Based on the data of field plot experiments and meteorology during the harvesting time in Xi'an,the influence of meteorological factors such as precipitation and temperature,on the yield and quality of the essential oil of the Scotch Spearmint was studied.The results showed that precipitation and temperature during harvest time strongly influenced yield of essential oil of the Scotchish Spearmint.The rate of essential oil extraction and the essential oil yield were negatively related to the precipitation.The heavy rain might lead to reduction of the essential oil yield by 50%.However,if there was three to five fine days,the same rate of essential oil extraction and the essential oil yield could be got as that before the heavy rain.The rate of essential oil extraction and the essential oil yield were positively related to the temperature during harvest time,in particular as the daily average temperature above 20℃.The appropriate harvest time of the Scotch Spearmint was with continuous three fine days and the daily average temperature above 20℃.

Change of NDVI of Main Vegetations and Their Relationship with Meteorological Factors in Yellow River Basin

LIU Lü-liu1,2,XU Hong-mei1,2 (1.Laboratory of Climate Studies,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081;2.National Climate Center,China Meteorological Administration)

2007, 28(03): 334-337.

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Changes of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) of four main vegetations including crop,grass,forest and shrub in the Yellow River Basin and their relationship with the precipitation,temperature and Availability of Precipitation Index(API) were analyzed,by using NOAA and climate data from 1982 to 1999.The results showed that NDVI increased during 1982 to 1999 which indicated an improved ecological system.The NDVI in June was positively correlated to contemporaneous precipitation.There existed a positive lag correlation between precipitation in July and NDVI in August for crop and grass.The NDVI in August was sensitive to precipitation in the previous month.The NDVI was positively correlated to contemporaneous temperature,but negatively to contemporaneous API during spring,which indicated that higher temperature during spring benefited to plant growing.

Comparison of Vegetation Cover Change Based on AVHRR and MODIS Data in Anhui Province

LIU Hui-min,HUANG Yong,HE Bin-fang (Institute of Meteorological Science of Anhui,Province,Hefei 230031,China)

2007, 28(03): 338-341.

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Based on the MODIS and AVHRR data,the vegetation cover and its characteristics from different data sources in the North Huai River Plain and Dabieshan mountain areas of Anhui Province were compared.Results showed that the MODIS data was highly related to the AVHRR data under the same vegetation cover type.The relativity of NDVI data between with the MODIS and AVHRR was higher under the resolution of 4km×4km than that under the resolution of 1km×1km.The annual change of the monthly MODIS NDVI values was consistent with that of the AVHRR NDVI values,as the vegetation cover type was same,while it was different as the vegetation cover type was not same.In the typical dryland and paddy rice field,the NDVI curve was in a two apex form because of crop rotation,while in the mountain,fruit forest,and city and town areas,it showed a single apex form.The seriation of the total vegetation index among the areas according to its magnitude could be the Dabieshan and the South mountain areas of Anhui Province,dryland and farmland,and city and town areas.

Effect of Stimulate Prematurity Chemicals on Agronomic Characters of Corn and on Prevention from Early Frost Injury

LI Yong-zhen1,QI Ying1,SUN Hai-yan1,ZHANG Kui-lin2,FU Hua-chun2,ZHU Xiao-jun3 (1.Jilin Weather Modification Office,Changchun 130062,China;2.Jinzhu Agricultural Experimental Station of Jilin City;3.Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science)

2007, 28(03): 342-343.

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Three plant growth regulators were used in the corn field in 2004 and 2005 to determine their effects on agronomic characters of corn and on prevention from early frost injury.Yuhuangjin could lead to a decrease of the corn height,advance of each growing stage and decline of seed water content.Fengchanling had a similar effect on stimulating the corn early maturity and reducing seed water content as Yuhuangjin,but with not so significant effects.

Preliminary Estimation of Low Temperature Injury of Cotton from Sowing Stage to Blooming Stage in Xinjiang Autonomous Region

FU Wei-dong1,LI Xin-jian2,HUANG Wei-jun1 (1.Xinjiang Climate Center,Urumqi 830002,China;2.Institute of Desert Meteorology in Urumqi,China Meteorological Administration)

2007, 28(03): 344-346.

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Based on the data of the meteorology and cotton yields,the meteorological indexes for the estimation of low temperature injury of cotton from sowing stage to blooming stage in Xinjiang Autonomous Region were studied preliminarily.The results showed that the cotton yields were likely to reduce in term of the pattern of the climatic year,as the departure of average temperature in June in Northern Xinjiang was with ≤-0.5℃,the temperature in May and June kept a continuous low and the departure of average temperature was with ≤-0.5℃ in Southern Xinjiang,or as the blooming stage delayed,such as delayed over five days in Kashi,and over three days in Shihezi,Bozhou,Bazhou and Akesu arrears,or as the departure of average temperature from June to August are between 0 and-0.4℃ and the departure of average temperature within at least tow months was negative.The cotton yields were likely to reduce seriously,as the departure of average temperature from June to August was below-0.5℃ and the monthly departure of average temperature from June to August was negative.

Analysis of Effects of Typhoon Kanu(2005) on the Sudden Increase of Nilaparvata lugens

YAO De-hong1,CHEN Xiong-fei1,YAO Shi-tong2,CHEN Qin-hai2 (1.Haining Meteorological Administration,Haining 314400;2.Station of plant protection)

2007, 28(03): 347-349.

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A sudden increase of Nilaparvata lugens appeared in the rice area at Jiaxing and Hangzhou when typhoon Kanu crossed Zhejiang and Jiangsu Province and subsequently headed to the East China Sea from the night of September 11th to the early morning of September 13th in 2005.Results showed that the sudden increase of Nilaparvata lugens was highly associated with Kanu.Firstly,on the evening of both Sep11th and Sep 12th,the weather conditions of Nilaparvata lugens' source area(Changjiang-Huaihe region) were favorable for their flying-off.Secondly,the strong convergent stream near the center of Kanu on the night of Sep 11th and the northerly current at the rear of Kanu on the night of Sep 12th were also advantageous to the transportation of Nilaparvata lugens in the air.Thirdly,the typhoon and the rainstorm on the night of Sep 11th at Jiaxing and the 850 hPa-level shear line on the night of Sep 12th were beneficial to Nilaparvata lugens' landing.Based on the effects of typhoon Kanu on the sudden increase of Nilaparvata lugens,more actions should be taken to prevent Nilaparvata lugens increase after the typhoon center pass by the rice area in the middle ten days of September.

Prediction Model on Seripe Rust Influence Extent of Winter Wheat in Longnan Mounain Area

XIAO Zhi-qiang1,LI Zong-ming2,FAN Ming1,ZHANG Yan1,MA Su-juan1(1.Meteorological Bureau of Longnan City,Wudu 746000,China;2.Agricultural Technological Extension Station of Longnan City)

2007, 28(03): 350-353.

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Based on the data from 1957 to 2006 in Longnan City,the prevalence rules of the stripe rust of winter wheat were analyzed.The prediction model was established and validated.The results showed that the stripe rust of winter wheat in Bailongjiang river area oversummered at the regions with an altitude over 1600 meters,while there was no obvious over-wintering of the stripe rust in the river valley and plain areas below 1000 meters,where the local stripe rust was the main sources of the stripe rust in the spring.The areas with an altitude over 1600 meters in the Xihanshui river were the main regions of over-summering of the wheat stripe rust for the Longnan area.The area percentage of the infected varieties of winter wheat,the over-summered stripe rust count from the last year and the infection rate in autumn,together with the mean temperature in the last August,last October,January and March,were significantly related to the prevalence of the stripe rust of winter wheat in the spring.The prevalence of the stripe rust of winter wheat was positively related to the mean temperature from October to March,while it was negatively to the mean temperature from April to August.The monthly precipitation was positively related to the prevalence of the stripe rust of winter wheat.

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