Table of Content

10 August 2006, Volume 27 Issue 04

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Phenological Changes of Ligneous Plants in Xi'an Botanic Garden in Last 15 Years

WANG Chuan-hai~(1),WU Fei-qian~(2),LI Shu-juan~(3),ZHAO Guo-qiang~(4)(1.Department of Environmental Science & Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.College of Municipal Administration and Engineering,Shandong Architectural University;3.Xi'an Botanic Garden;4.Meteorological Bureau of Henan Province)

2006, 27(04):  261-264. 

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Phenological data of 20 ligneous plants in Xi'an botanic garden from 1988 to 2002 was analyzed.The results showed that the spring phenological phenomena of all observed 20 ligneous plants had been earlier since 1988,while the autumn phenological phenomena of most observed 20 ligneous plants had been delayed.The response of the spring phenological phenomenon to the climate change was more obvious than that of autumn phenological phenomenon.As to majority plants,the change extent of reproduction growing phenological changes was greater than that of nutrition growing phenological changes.The results of this article are of great value to evaluate phenology and the response of different phenological index to climate changes on climate changes.

Responses of Soil Temperature and Humidity to Changes of Vegetation Coverage in Alpine Kobresia tibetica Meadow

LI Ying-nian~(1),ZHANG Fa-wei~(1,2),LIU An-hua~(1,2),ZHAO Liang~(1),WANG Qin-xue~(3),DU Ming-yuan~(4)(1.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,CAS,Xining 810001,China;2.Graduate School of ChineseAcademy of Sciences;3.National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan;4.National Institute of Agro-environmental Sciences of Japan)

2006, 27(04):  265-268. 

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The responses of soil temperature and humidity to change of vegetation coverage were analyzed,based on the observed data of the soil temperature and humidity under different vegetation coverage in two sites during the growing period of alpine Kobresia tibetica meadow.The results showed that the variation of vegetation coverage correspond with the seasonal change,soil temperature enhanced and soil humidity declined with the increase of vegetation coverage.From morning(8:00) to afternoon(19:00),the soil temperature increased with the increasing of vegetation coverage,while it decreased with the increasing of vegetation coverage at the noon(14:00).Whenever it was in the morning and afternoon or at noon,the soil humidity would increase with the development of vegetation coverage.

Grain Crop Yield Prediction Based on Markov Model and Probability Distribution Character of Stochastic Series

JIANG Hui-fei,LIAO Shu-hua,DING Yi,Guo Yong(College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100094,China)

2006, 27(04):  269-272. 

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Based on Markov Model and probability distribution function,a relative meteorological yield prediction model of wheat was developed by analyzing the inter-annual time series variations of meteorological component of crop yield which was determined by the meteorological factors.The validation of the model was performed by using the wheat yields collected from Mingquan County in Henan Province and Wugong County in Shaanxi Province for the periods of 1949-1999.The simulation results showed that an accuracy of 81.6% and 88.6% had be respectively achieved for the two counties in the prediction of wheat yields for the year of 2000.It was indicated that the model was applicable to predict the crop yield.

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on N_2O Emission from Rice Fields in Hunan Province

QIN Xiao-bo~(1),LI Yu-e~(1),LIU Ke-ying~(2),WAN Yun-fan~(1),GAO Qing-zhu~(1)(1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy ofAgricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;2.Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Hunan Province)

2006, 27(04):  273-276. 

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The N_(2)O emission flux on the rice fields by long-term different fertilization treatments was continuously observed at Wangcheng County of Hunan Province in 2004,by using the static chamber-GC theory with manual method.N_(2)O emissions from rice field had obvious seasonal variations.The N_(2)O emission flux was larger after drainage than that during early and middle growing periods.There existed the differences between early and late rice.There was no significant difference among the different fertilization treatments for the early rice fields,while the differences were extremely significant(p<0.01) for the late rice fields.The maximum(N_(2)O) emission flux with 1.48 kg/ha occurred in the early rice fields by NPK treatment,while the maximum value with 1.40 kg/ha was by NPKS treatment in the late rice fields.Being the organic fertilization with chemical fertilization treatment,no significant differences among the treatments were observed in early rice fields.However,N_(2)O emission from NPKS treatment was larger than NKM treatment,and there was significant difference(p<0.05) between them.The seasonal variation of N_(2)O emission flux was significantly determined by water situation of rice fields.The N_(2)O emission flux was larger during drainage than flooding.

Ecological Climate Characters and Growing Division of Alfalfa(Medicago sativa) Sowed in Spring on Loess Plateau of East Gansu Province

WANG Wei-tai~(1,2),HUANG Bin~(2),ZHANG Tian-feng~(2),LI Zong-yan~(2),YANG Min~(3),WANG Ling-mei~(4),He Shu-zhou~(5)(1.Institute of Arid Meteorology of Lanzhou,CMA,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Meteorological Bureau ofQingyang City;3.Gansu Meteorological Bureau;4.Xifeng Primary Middle School of Qingyang City;5.Meteorological Bureau of Huachi County)

2006, 27(04):  277-280. 

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According to analysis of growth status and the observed climate data of alfalfa(Medicago sativa) sowed in the spring on the Loess Plateau of the East Gansu Province,the quantitative analysis of growth and development of alfalfa with the average temperature,the accumulated temperature and the precipitation was made.The divisions for growing and climate risk of alfalfa were made.The results provided the scientific base for the adjustment of agriculture and promotion of livestock development.

Ecological and Environmental Assessment of Milkvetch(Astragalus membranaceus)Production Areas in Hengshan Mountain

CHENG Bin,ZHANG Qiang,GAO Chun-hua,DONG Yun-zhong,YANG Zhi-ping,HUO Xiao-lan,ZHANG Yi-gong(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shaxi ProvincialKey Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Management,Taiyuan 030031,China)

2006, 27(04):  281-285. 

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The ecological and environmental conditions of the genuine Chinese medicinal herb milkvetch(Astragalus membranaceus) production areas in Hengshan Mountain of Northern Shanxi Provinc were investigated.The qualities of air,irrigation water and soil were measured and assessed,according to the national standards and assessment systems.The results indicated that the qualities of air,irrigation water and soil for milkvetch production accorded with the national standards.No pollution was found.With high soil organic mater content,sandy loam soil and moderate soil fertility,the environment for genuine medicinal herb milkvetch production in Hengshan Mountain of Northern Shanxi Provinc was unique.

A Study on Impacts of Light Conditions on Net Photosynthesis and Sugar Accumulation of Wine Grape

LIU Yu-lan~(1,2),ZHENG You-fei~(1),ZHANG Xiao-yu~(2),ZHANG Lei~(2),YUAN Hai-yan~(2),KANG Yan-li~(2)(1.Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.Ningxia KeyLaboratory for Meteorological Disasters Prevention and Reduction)

2006, 27(04):  286-288. 

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The field experiments on wine grape in Ningxia Autonomous Region during 2004 and 2005 were conducted to determine impacts of the different light intensities and qualities on photosynthesis and sugar accumulation of wine grape.The results showed that the light quality had a remarkable effect on the net photosynthesis of wine grape.The photosynthesis of wine grape covered with color film was enhanced when the light was weak.The net photosynthesis of wine grape increased with the increasing of the light intensity.The difference of various treatments was big in the morning and reduced afternoon.The light intensity affected the sugar accumulation to some extent.The sugar accumulation increased with the increasing of the light intensity.The sugar accumulation could be influenced and mainly reduced by color film covering.

Effects of La on Leaf Chlorophyll Content of Soybean(Glycine max) Seedling Under Ultraviolet-B Stress

LV Dong-yue~(1),XIAO Rong-rong~(1),ZHOU Qing~(1,2),ZHANG Guang-sheng~(1)(1.College of Biological Engineering,Southern Yangtze University,Wuxi 214036,China;2.Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education,Southern Yangtze University)

2006, 27(04):  289-292. 

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Effect of La on the chlorophyll content of Soybean(Glycine max) seedling under elevated ultraviolet-B radiation(UV-B,280~320 nm) was studied.After exposing of seedling to UV-B radiation for 5 days,the content of chlorophyll a and b of soybean seedling was decreased by 10.20% and 12.18% respectively,compared with the control.The dosage of radiation had good direct correlation with change of chlorophyll content.When seedling was pretreated by 20mgL~(-1)LaCl_(3),the content of chlorophyll a and b of soybean seedling under UV-B stress was increased by 4.82% and 4.53% respectively.It can be concluded that the rare earth can elevate the content of chlorophyll and promote the protective potential against to UV-B stress.Exposed to UV-B radiation by 0.45 Wm~(-2),the injury of seedling was more and more serious,and the organs of plant were damaged finally.By 0.15 Wm~(-2),the chlorophyll a content was decreased by 13.14%;chlorophyll b was no change.La can promote the protective effect of plant against UV-B stress and alleviate the injury to plant.

Experiments on Sowing Time and Planting Density of New Soybean Varieties in Jiamusi Region

WANG Xiao-qun,FU Zhong-pei(Agro-meteorological Station of Jiamusi,Jianmusi 154004,China)

2006, 27(04):  293-295. 

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The experiments on sowing time and planting density of soybean were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to investigate the suitable sowing time and planting density of new soybean varieties in Heilongjiang Province.The results showed that the suitable sowing time for main cultivated new soybean varieties in Heilongjiang Province was in the last ten days of April.The planting density for new soybean varieties Hefeng 45 and Hefeng 47 and was about 250,000 plant/ha and for Hefu 93154-2 between 250,000 and 350,000 plant/ha.

Analysis of Precipitation for Different Periods in Northeast China Based on Geo-statistics and GIS

CAI Fu~(1),MING Hui-qing~(2),LIU Bing~(2),YU Hui-bo~(3)(1.Institute of Atmospheric Environment,Chinese Meteorological Administration,Shenyang 110016,China;2.Shenyang Agricultural University;3.Meteorological Bureau of Liaoning Province)

2006, 27(04):  296-299. 

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Based on methods of geo-statistics integrating GIS analyzing,a comparison was made between two 30-year climatic averages of precipitation element from 1971 to 2000 and 1961 to 1990 in 146 meteorological stations in Northeast China.With the comparison,we came to a conclusion that the difference of precipitation between two periods could not be truly demonstrated by traditional statistic method,on the contrary,could be showed objectively and truly by the geo-statistical integrating GIS analyzing method.The spatial maps on difference between two climatic data were built on GIS platform.It was concluded that the precipitation had increased in a range from 3% to 6% in Southwestern and Eastern Heilongjiang Province,Southeastern Jilin Province and Middle Liaoning Province,while it had decreased in the other regions of Northeast China in summer,with the biggest extent from 6% to 9% in Southern and Northwest Liaoning Province.The sum of annual precipitation had increased in the most of regions in Heilongjiang Province,Eastern Jilin Province and Middle Liaoning Province,and had decreased in the other regions of Northeast China,with the biggest extent from 6% to 9% in southern Liaoning Province.

Application of MODIS Data to Monitoring of Land Use/Cover Changes in Fuzhou Region

ZHANG Chun-gui,PAN Wei-hua,CHEN Hui,LIN Jing(Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 350001,China)

2006, 27(04):  300-304. 

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The dynamic inter-annual changes of standardized vegetation indexes for the different land types in Fuzhou region were calculated and analyzed during 2001-2005,by using MODIS data of EOS satellite based on GIS.The monitoring and driving forces of land use/cover changes in Fuzhou region were studied.The results showed that the standardized vegetation indexes based on MODIS were sensitive to inter-annual changes of land use/cover changes in the region.The MODIS data could be used to monitor the regional spatial distribution and area of land use/cover changes.

Agro-meteorological Information Service Systems Based on ComGIS

LIU li~(1),LIU Qing~(2),SONG Guo-qiang~(3),WANG Ti-jian~(1)(1.Department of Atmospheric Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210044,China;2.Department of AtmosphericScience,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology;3.Institute of MountainousEnvironment & Climate of Guizhou Province)

2006, 27(04):  305-309. 

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Based on the SQL Server 2000 database,an agrometeorological information service system for Guizhou Province which integrated information collection,analysis,release and transmission had been established, by using the Visual Basic programming language and ActiveX Data Objects(ADO) and combined the GIS subsequence development techniques.By means of MapObjects2.1 Components,the system could be provided with comprehensive agro-meteorological information both in time and space.

Climate Division of Rational Layout on Brazilian Upland Ratooning Rice Based on GIS

HE Yan~(1),LI Zheng~(1),LIAO Xue-ping~(2),SUN Han~(1)(1.Institute of Meteorology and Disaster Reduction of Guangxi,Nanning 530022,China;2.Yunhu Technology Development Company of Guangxi)

2006, 27(04):  310-313. 

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Based on the requirements of growth and development of Brazilian upland ratooning rice(IAPAR-9) for the climate conditions and the experimental results of introduced rationing rice in Guangxi,the climate division indexes for planting of brazilian upland ratooning rice were determined.The spatial computative model for the climate division index was established by the methods of mathematics statistics.And the correlative values of climatic elements were worked out on small grid of l km x l km with GIS.By the function of spatial analyses and multi_overlapping method of GIS,Fitting region were partitioned for planting brazilian upland ratooning rice in Guangxi,The scientific basis with reasonable distribution of developing brazilian upland ratooning rice were provided in Guangxi according to the result.

A Simulation Model for Tomato Plant Growth and Development in Solar Greenhouse Based on Physiological Development Time

ZHANG Pei-xin~(1,2),HE Chao-xing~(1),ZHANG Zhi-bin~(1),ZHANG Bai-hai~(2)(1.Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;2.Beijing Institute of Technology)

2006, 27(04):  314-317. 

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The daily relative thermal effectiveness(RTE) was taken as an indicator to assess the impact of temperature on the development rate of tomato.The model based on the exponential function was established to describe the relationship of the RTE to temperature,through studying the characters of Beta function.RTE determined the daily physiological development effectiveness(PDE),which accumulated to be daily physiological development time(PDT).Based on the PDT,the simulation model for tomato growth and development in the green house was established and validated by the experiments in the greenhouse from 2003 to 2005.The results showed that the model could predict the time and duration of the different growing period,such as germination,seedling,flowering and fruit setting,fruit ripening and harvest.The standard error by regression analysis(RMSE) between simulated and observed values was 1.32,1.73,0.35,1.58 and 2.52 days for the germination,seedling,flowering and fruit setting,fruit ripening and harvest period respectively.The prediction accuracy by this model was higher than by simulation model based on efficiency accumulate temperature(EAT),by which the RMSE was 2.55,9.74,2.06,9.72 and 11.99 days for the germination,seedling,flowering and fruit setting,fruit ripening and harvest period respectively.

Characteristics Analysis of the Climate Productivity of Main Forest Types in Heilongjiang Province

GAO Yong-gang~(1),ZHANG Fu-juan~(2),WANG Yu-guang~(1)(1.Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Harbin 150030,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Yichun City)

2006, 27(04):  318-322. 

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Based on the average values of observed meteorological data of 81 stations from 1961 to 2003 in Heilongjiang Province,the climate productivities of Pinus koraiensis and Larix gmelini forests in Heilongjiang Province were calculated.The spatial distribution of the productivity change trends in last 43 years was analyzed.The results showed that Yichun forest region of Xiaoxing'anling,Heihe region and Mudanjiang region were the key dominant regions for main forest types in Heilongjiang Province,while the middle and southern Daxing'anling region was the subordinate dominant regions with an increasing potential on climate productivity.

Preliminary Study on Meteorological Effect on Watermelon With Different Covering Techniques in Gravel and Sand Mulched Field

ZHANG Yu-lan~(1,2),ZHENG You-fei~(1)(1.Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Zhongwei City)

2006, 27(04):  323-325. 

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Traditional gravel and sand mulched field has a certain capacity of water and heat preservation,in order to choose feasible covering techniques in enhancing the production efficiency on it,the investigation of meteorological effect on three kinds of covering techniques on the gravel and sand mulched field such as coving with plastic film,covering plastic bowl and no covering has been done at the arid mountain area in Zhongwei,Ningxia.The results indicated that coving with plastic film and covering plastic bowl on the gravel and sand mulched field all facilitate to the seedlings' coming out,growth and yield;covering with plastic film had the best capacity on keeping moisture,while covering with plastic bowl had the best capacity on keeping soil temperature.Owing to the local arid climate and take the cost of each covering approaches into consideration,the covering of plastic film on gravel and sand mulched field can be feasible to plant watermelon and the covering of plastic bowl can be used in spring with lower temperature.

Impacts of Winter Warming up on Cash Crops in Haining City

YAO De-hong(Meteorological Bureau of Haining City,Haining 314400,China)

2006, 27(04):  326-329. 

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The analysis of meteorological data from 1971 to 2005 showed that the winter in Haining City had been shortening and warming up during last 10 years.Warmer winter benefits the cash crop production,such as cut flowers and out of season vegetables.However,warmer winter increased the risk of freeze injury as well.Thus,prevention of freeze injury becomes extremely necessary.The analysis indicated that the minimum air temperature for avoiding first frost injury on open ground was 5~(o)C.In clear nights,the minimum air temperature inside of the non-heating green house mulched by single layer film was higher than that outside ground surface temperature,but lower than that outside air temperature.Therefore,an adjustment for the meteorological forecasted minimum air temperature minus 2.2℃ is necessary to determine the minimum air temperature of freeze injury in the single layer film mulched green house.

A Study on Technical Approaches in Improving Water Use Efficiency of Courtyard Rain-Collection in Ecotone of North Loess Plateau

MA Zhi-guo~(1,2),ZHENG Da-wei~(2),DUAN Yu~(3),PAN Xue-biao~(2),LI Shao-bin~(4)(1.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 350001,China;2.College of Resources andEnvironmental Sciences,China Agriculture University;3.Inner Mongolian Academy ofAgriculture Sciences;4.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS)

2006, 27(04):  330-334. 

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Based on the experiences of the Zhungeer Banner in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region,the technical approaches in increasing water transform efficiency of courtyard rain-collection in the ecotone of the North Loess Plateau were studied.For the cropping systems of the courtyard economy,the formula of water transform efficiency was put forward: B=R×C_(1)×C_(2)×C_(3).According to the data of experiments,the values of C_(1),C_(2),C_(3) were determined.The rain transform efficiency B was 9.61 Yuan/m~(3) for vegetables,3.44 Yuan(/m~(3)) for watermelon and 15.93 Yuan/m~(3) for fruits.The average B of three crops was 9.66 Yuan/m~(3).The rain transform efficiency for fruits was the highest and the lowest for watermelon among the three crops.The technical approaches in improving water transform efficiency were put forward.

Preliminary Studies on Freeze Injury Forecast System of Winter Wheat in Beijing Area

BAKE Batur~(1),ZHENG Da-wei~(2),HAJI Ruzi~(2),KUTLUK Tolunay ~(2),GUO Yong~(2)(1.Research Institute of Forestry,China Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;2.Collage of Resources & Environment,China Agricultural University)

2006, 27(04):  335-338. 

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Based on the review on the integrated effects of different kinds of factors which affected the freeze injury of winter wheat,a simple empirical freeze injury forecast system for winter wheat in Beijing was established by using decision tree method.The system was divided into five levels including variety,sowing date,conditions before wintering,conditions during wintering and conditions in the early spring.The degree of cold-hardiness,frostbite and freeze injury were assessed and predicted at the five levels by the chosen indexes including the internal factors,such as variety,sowing conditions and growth status,and external factors,such as soil and meteorological conditions and management practices.The recommendations and remedial measures to prevent and reduce the winter wheat damage from the freeze injury during different growing stages in Beijing area were put forward,based on the predicted freeze injury grades.

Relationship of Coffee Black Fruit to Meteorological Conditions and Forecast of Its Occurrence Trend in Simao Region

GAO Min~(1),ZHANG Mao-song~(2),WANG Mei-xin~(1)(1.Meteorological Bureau of Simao City,Simao 665000,China;2.Agro-meteorological Center of Yunnan Province)

2006, 27(04):  339-342. 

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The coffee black fruit is a main disease of coffee in the Simao Region.The occurrence of coffee black fruit is closely connected with meteorological conditions.The high humidity and moderate temperature are advantageous to occurrence of coffee anthracnose(Glomerella cingulata) and coffee brown spot(Phoma offeicola).The occurrence of the coffee black fruit in the growing area is usually and serious.According to humidity and temperature conditions,the occurrence of coffee black fruit was divided into three periods,e.g.dormancy,delitescence and harm period.During harm period there were two occurrence peaks.The first peak was from June to September and the second one was from the middle of November to December.Based on precipitation,radiation hour,relative humidity and mid-range forecast of every ten days period,the forecast model for the occurrence trend of coffee black fruit was established.The forecast results were reliable proved by the field investigations in last six years.

Analysis on Variation of Main Agrometeorological Disasters in Hubei Province

FENG Ming~(1),CHEN Zheng-hong~(1),LUI Ke-qun~(1),WU Yi-cheng~(1)MAO Fei~(2),HUANG Yong-ping~(3)(1.Wuhan Regional Climate Center,Wuhan 430074,China;2.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences;3.Jingzhou Agro-meteorological Station)

2006, 27(04):  343-348. 

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Based on the meteorological data from 1961 to 2004 in the 71 stations in Hubei Province,the changes of the main agro-meteorological disasters were analyzed by using inclination rate analysis.There were 17 disasters showed a decreasing trend and 9 disasters showed an increasing trend among all of 26 disasters.However,it was not meant that climate change benefited to agriculture.The analyzed conclusions would help to enhance the pertinence of the meteorological services for agriculture and provide means for the government's decision-making in using climate resources adequately and avoiding disasters efficiently.

Investigation and Analysis of Impacts of High Temperature on Fruit of Early Maturing Lychee(Litchi chinensis) in Guangxi Autonomous Region

TAN Zong-kun~(1),WEI Rao-yi~(2),QIU Si-jie~(2)(1.Guangxi Institute of Meteorological Sciences and Disaster Reduction,Nanning 530022,China;2.Guangxi Science and Technology Department)

2006, 27(04):  349-353. 

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The investigation of impacts of high temperature tress on fruit yields and quality of early maturing lychee(Litchi chinensis) of variety Sanyuehong in 2005 in Lingshan County of Guangxi Autonomous Region was conducted and the meteorological conditions during the different growing periods of lychee were analyzed.The results showed that the yield and quality of lychee decreased in 2005 due to the obvious higher maximum daily average temperature during the rapid aril growth and mature periods(stage Ⅱb) and less precipitation from the autumn shoots growth to the anthesis.The accumulated daily growing temperature and accumulated daily average temperature over 0 ℃ were higher than the long year average values.However,the fruit fall rates were different from the growing areas and the age of trees.Generally fruit fall rate was lower in the plain area and by the 16 years old trees than in the hill slope land and by the 6 years old trees.