Table of Content

10 April 2006, Volume 27 Issue 02

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Spatial and Temporal Structure of Precipitation in the Yellow River Basin Based on Kriging Method

SHAO Xiao-mei~(1,2),YAN Chang-rong~(2),Wei Hong-bing~(3)(1.Key Laboratory of Land Use,Ministry of Land and Resources,China Land Surveying & Planning Institute,Beijing 100035,China;2.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,CAAS;3.Development Technological Center of Kangming in Beijing)

2006, 27(02):  65-69. 

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Based on the series climate data of 97 meteorological stations in the Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2000 compiled by the China Meteorological Administration,the spatial and temporal structure of precipitation in the Yellow River Basin was analyzed,by using Kriging method.The results showed that the distribution of long year average precipitation in the Yellow River Basin had an obvious regional difference,which was influenced not only by the weather system,but also by the topography and geographical environment.The main distribution trend was that there was more in the Southeastern and less in the Northwestern;In views of the changes of annual precipitation in the Yellow River Basin,it has an appreciably increasing trend and the tendency was 1.308mm/10a.Moreover,the precipitation was above normal in the 1960s and 1980s and below normal in the 1970s and 1990s.The precipitation increased obviously in the up stream,but decreased in the middle and lower reaches of the river;In respect to assigning within the year,the precipitation in the Yellow River Basin centralized greatly during June and September,but there were the largest in July and August.Furthermore,downriver precipitation gets more centralized than others'.The conclusions were important to research the evolvement of water resources the Yellow River Basin.

Evolvement of Climate-productivity over Chinese Loess Plateau

WANG Yi-rong~(1,2),WANG Run-yuan~(1),DENG Zhenyong~(1)(1.Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province,Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Dingxi City)

2006, 27(02):  70-75. 

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Based on the meteorological date from 1961 to 2000 in Chinese Loess Plateau,the spatial and temporal variations of climate-productivity in Chinese Loess Plateau were investigated,by applying Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF),Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function(REOF),Expand Empirical Orthogonal Function((EEOF),)Complex Empirical Orthogonal Function(CEOF)and wavelet analysis.The results showed that the climate-productivity kept decreased over Chinese Loess Plateau.The west,east and south part were identified as highly related regions,where strong temporal variability of the climate-productivity existed.By using wavelet analysis,the 2-4 years period was more remarkable.The changes of direction and intension of the climateproductivity were evident within 4 years.The climate-productivity variation amplitude was bigger in the south than that in the north of the plateau.The sensitivity of the climate-productivity variation was in the central north of the plateau.The variation information of the climate-productivity flowed from the central east area to edge of the plateau.

Analysis of Climate Productive Potential of Main Crops in Tarim River Region—A case study for Akesu Area in Tarim Up-river Region

WANG Jian-xun~(1),ZHU Xiao-ling~(2),PANG Xin-an~(1),LIU Bin~(1),LI Xin-guo~(3)(1.College of Plant Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;2.College of Economy and Management,Tarim University;3.College of Information Engineering Science,Tarim University)

2006, 27(02):  76-78. 

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The photosynthesis productive potential,lighttemperature productive potential,light-temperature-water productive potential,light-temperature-soil productive potential and light-temperature-water-soil productive potential of main crops for Akesu Area in Tarim River Region were calculated and analyzed by using the revised model of crop growth and development dynamic statistics.The results showed that the photosynthesis productive potential of main crops in Akesu area was far larger than realistic productivity.The photosynthesis productive potential of winter wheat,maize,rice,cotton was more than the realistic productivity with 4.14,3.94,2.73 and 2.41 times respectively.The light-temperature productive potential was 57.26% of the photosynthesis productive potential.The light-temperature-water productive potential,e.g.so-called climate productive potential,was only 9.55% of light-temperature productive potential.The soil productive potential was 49.92% of the light-temperature-water productive potential.It was concluded that the light-heat resources in Akesu Area was plentiful and the conditions of light and heat were most outstanding advantage for climate productive potential.The soil water and soil fertility were the main controllable factors that limited climate productive potential.

A Study on Climatic Regionalization of One Season Super Rice Planting in Hunan Province

LU Kui-dong~(1),HUANG Wan-hua~(1),SHEN Jian-bin~(2),SONG Zhong-hua~(3)(1.Institute of Meteorological Science of Hunan Province,Changsha 410007,China;2.Division of Grain and Oil Crops,Agriculture Department of Hunan Province;3.Experimental Station of Agro-meteorology of Changsha City)

2006, 27(02):  79-83. 

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Based on the historical meteorological data from 1961 to 2003 at the meteorological stations in Hunan Province and the results of field experiment from 2002 to 2003,the two kinds of meteorological disasters,e.g.successive rain during sowing and seedling raising stages and heat damage during heading and flowering stages of one season super rice,were discussed.According to the disaster indexes,the suitable planting region for the one season super rice in Hunan Province was studied by using GIS technology.

A study on Disaster Damage Model of Hail on Apple

LI Pei-ren,SUN Hong-ping,LI Jun-xia(Office of Artificial Rain and Hail Protection of Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030002,China)

2006, 27(02):  84-88. 

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The mechanics characteristics of the different varieties of apples during the different growing periods was investigated and measured.The force transform during the hitting process of hail was calculated,combining the dropping velocity of the hail.The theory of the hail damage on apple was established by using the collision-momentum method.The concept of threshold diameter of damage during the process of the hail damage on apple was put forward.The study revealed the sensitivity of the fruit crops,such as apple to the hail damage.The new concept model for the mechanism of the hail damage of apple was concluded.The results provided a theoretical basis for the benefit analysis of the artificial hail protection.

A Study on GIS-based Model of Sunlight and Radiation in View of Terrain in Mountain Areas

HUANG Wan-hua,SHUAI Xi-qiang,WANG Kuo-jun (Hunan Meteorological Research Institute,Changsha 410007,China)

2006, 27(02):  89-93. 

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Considering the influence of terrain factors such as gradient and slope direction on sunlight and radiation,a GIS model which fits to mountain areas in the East and Central China was established through ameliorating the formula of slope sunlight and radiation calculation.Annual sunlight times and solar global radiation in Hunan Province were calculated using this model,based on its 500m×500m grid geographical data with Citystar GIS.The results showed that the sunlight resources and their characteristics in the mountain areas could be well explained because some terrain factors such as gradient and slope direction were taken into account.The model had been proved to be a practical model.

Application of Decision Support System for Drought Monitoring in Anhui Province

YANG Tai-ming~(1,2),LI Long-shu~(1),CHEN Jin-hua~(2),ZHANG Ai-min~(2)(1.Institute of Computer Science and Technology,Anhui University,Hefei 230031,China;2.Anhui Provincial Meteorological Institute)

2006, 27(02):  94-97. 

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Based on the data of the monitoring of NOAA meteorological satellite and the observed soil moisture at the surface observation station,drought index was expatiated in Anhui Province.The structure and principle of Decision Support System(DSS) for drought disaster were described in detail to support the drought early-warning service.The application of DSS,drought ratiocination and decision service were attempted to carry out.

Influence of Drought on Filling Velocity of Winter Wheat During Filling Period

FANG Wen-jing~(1),ZHANG Xue-fen~(2),ZHENG You-fei~(1)(1.Department of Atmosphere Science,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China; 2.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Henan Province)

2006, 27(02):  98-101. 

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Based on the data of precipitation,soil moisture and field investigation from 1990 to 2005 in Zhumadian City,Henan Province,the filling process and changes of filling velocity of winter wheat were analyzed in three chosen typical drought years,such as drought during the early filling stage,drought during the late filling stage and drought during the whole filling stage.The results showed that drought not only had obviously influenced on wheat filling velocity,but also shortened the wheat filling duration compared with normal years.The drought during the early filling stage accelerated wheat filling velocity and increased wheat grain weight,while the drought during the late filling stage restrained the wheat filling process.The drought during the whole filling stage significantly trailed off the filling velocity.

Influence of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on Crop Morphology and Physiological Function

ZI Xian-neng~1,CHEN Zong-yu~(1),YAN Shao-jie~3,LUO Liqiong~3,GU Jin~3(1.Joint Training Base of Creative Talents in Environmental Science and Engineering of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650201,China;2.College of Environment and Resources,Yunnan University;3.College of Gardens and Horticulture,Yunnan Agricultural University)

2006, 27(02):  102-106. 

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The Influence of the enhanced UV-B radiation on crop production was reviewed to reveal the response mechanism of crops to the enhanced UV-B radiation and to provide the adaptation and resolution methods.The result showed that the enhanced UV-B radiation had an adverse effect on crop morphology of root,stem,leave systems and reproductive organs.It had a further effect on biomass and yield of crops.The effects on crop physiology of the enhanced UV-B radiation were mainly through the changes of chlorophyll,photosynthesis and mineral metabolism,which depended on the varieties and growing periods.

Analysis of Climatic Adaptation on Autumn-postponed Tomato Production in Xiuwen County of Guizhou Province

MU Shi-Chao,ZHOU Zhe-Jian,LIU Juan(Meteorological Bureau of Xiuwen County,Xiuwen 550200,China)

2006, 27(02):  107-110. 

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Based on the data of planting stage and strain comparation trials from 2001 to 2004 in Xiuwen County of Guizhou Province,the meteorological conditions and their influence on the autumn-postponed tomato production were analyzed.The results showed that the climate in Xiuwen County is mild in summer and autumn with an abundant rainfall and moderate radiation.There is no hot summer.The climate is suitable for autumn-postponed tomato planting.The suitable planting stage and varieties for autumn-postponed tomato production were proposed.

Scenario Analysis of Climate Change Impacts on Cotton Yield in Shaanxi Province

ZHANG Yong-hong~(1),LI Xiang-ge ~(1),GE Hui-yan~(2),JIA Jin-hai~(2)(1.Nanjing Institute of Meteorology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Weinan City)

2006, 27(02):  111-113. 

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Based on cotton yields and meteorological data of sunlight,temperature and precipitation every ten days in Shaanxi Province,the cotton yield prediction model was established.The changes of cotton yields under different scenarios,e.g.temperature increase by 0.5℃ and by 1.0℃,precipitation change by ±10%,±20% and ±30% respectively,were analyzed.The countermeasures for a sustainable development of cotton production in Shaanxi Province were put forward.

Influence of Beginning Date of 10 ℃ on Growing Stages of Winter Wheat in Loess Plateau of Gansu Province

GUO Jiang-yong~(1,2),LI Yao-Hui~(1)(1.Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province,Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Qingyang City)

2006, 27(02):  114-117. 

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Based on the data of beginning date of 10 ℃ from 1971 to 2004 at 39 meteorological stations in the Loess Plateau of Gansu Province and data of the growing periods of winter wheat in Xifeng Agricultural Meteorological Station,The influence of beginning date of 10 ℃on growing stages of winter wheat in Loess Plateau of Gansu Province was analyzed.The results showed that there were 3 regions in which the 10 ℃ beginning date was earlier located in Beidao,Lanzhou and Jingchuan,while there were 3 regions with later beginning date of 10 ℃ located in Huajialing,Dongxiang and Min County.The general trend showed that the beginning date of average daily temperature over 10 ℃ became earlier,in particular in the 1990's.The average growing period of winter wheat was 3 days earlier generally,while the earing and flowering stage was 11 to 12 days earlier.The whole growing period of winter wheat was 11 days earlier.

Impact of Climate Warming-up on Output Value of Forestry Production in Tianshui City

YAO Xiao-hong~(1.2),MI Xiao-dong~(3),XU Yan-Ping~(2),WANG Run-yuan~(1)(1.Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province,Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China;2. Tianshui Agro-meteorological Experiment Station;3.Gansu Meteorological Bureau)

2006, 27(02):  118-121. 

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Changes on climate and output value of forestry production in Tianshui City from 1971 to 2000 were analyzed.It is concluded that main meteorological conditions,which influenced changes of output value of forestry production,were monthly average precipitation and accumulated temperature above 0℃ during April and August.The mathematical model on climate influenced output value of forestry production was established.The water-thermal matching index,which indicated the suitable degree for tree growth,was obtained.

Studies on Closing Time in Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emission from Dry Cropland by Static Chamber Method

WAN Yun-fan,LIN Er-da,LI Yu'e,GAO Qing-zhu,QIN Xiao-bo(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

2006, 27(02):  122-124. 

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By using continuous-automatic measurement system,the emission fluxes of different greenhouse gases from winter wheat fields in the North China Plain under typical climate conditions were continuously measured by the static chamber method.The process of emission flux changes of different greenhouse gases and closing time in the static chamber were analyzed.The results showed that the closing time in the static chamber should be within 25 minutes by measuring CO_2 emission,15~30 minutes by measuring N_2O emission and less than 30 minutes by measuring CH_4 emission respectively.These results have a significant reference to measurement of greenhouse gases emitted from cropland by using the static chamber method.

Characteristics of Climate Change and Its Impacts on Maize Production in Jinzhong City in the Last 40 Years

QIAN Jin-xia~(1),ZHAO Gui-xiang~(2),LI Fen~(3),WANG Zhen-hua~(4)(1.Shanxi Climate Center,Taiyuan 030002,China;2.Shanxi Meteorological Observatory;3.Shanxi Specialized Meteorological Service;4.Shanxi Meteorological Institute)

2006, 27(02):  125-129. 

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Based on the observed data from 1961 to 2000 in Jinzhong City,Shanxi Province,the temperature and precipitation were analyzed by using regression and correlation methods.The results showed that the annual mean temperature appeared to be increasing in the last 40 years.The trend of temperature increase was obviously in the late of 1990's.The rate of temperature increase was different in the different seasons,but warming up in winter was significant.The temperature increase in the spring made the beginning day of ≥10℃ earlier.The precipitation appeared to be decreasing.The precipitation obviously decreased during the key water-required periods of Maize in the plain areas,but increased in the mountain areas.These changes made impacts on Maize production more complicated.

Investigation on Content Distribution of Heavy Metals in Ecosystem of Sewage Irrigated Paddy Rice Field

DUAN Fei-zhou~(1,2),GAO Ji-xi~2,HE Jiang~1,ZHANG Qing-xin~3,WU Yue-hong~3(1.Department of Resource and Environment Science,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;2.Institute of Ecology,Chinese Research Academe of Environment Science;3.Liaoning Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center)

2006, 27(02):  130-133. 

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The contents of Cd,As,Hg and Pb of soil,irrigating water and rice corn in the irrigated areas of Anshan City irrigated with sewage water were investigated.The results showed that the contents of four kinds of heavy metal in the soil surface accorded with the national standard for the soil and environment quality generally.Impacted by the quality of irrigating water,the heavy metal contents of the soil and rice corn in the middle area were higher than that in the southern and northern areas,with the 1.08mg/kg Cd,1.03mg/kg Hg in soil and 0.2mg/kg Hg in rice corn respectively.These reached or were beyond the relative item of national standard for the soil and environment quality.The contents of heavy metals in soil and rice corn were obviously impacted by the irrigating water quality.It was suggested to avoid using the industrial sewage water as agricultural irrigation water directly.

Responses of Beginning Freeze and Thaw Phase of Soil Surface to Climate Change in Qinghai

QI Ru-ying~(1),WANG Qi-lan~(2)(1.Climate Data Center of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,China;2.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences)

2006, 27(02):  134-138. 

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Based on the observed climate data at eight agro-meteorological observation stations in Qinghai Province,the beginning phases of freeze and thaw of soil surface were analyzed.The results showed that beginning freeze and thaw phases had an obvious regional difference.The freeze phases in number of stations had a shortened trend,while it prolonged in Huzhu and Delinha.The changes of the beginning phases of freeze were obviously influenced by climate change.When the mean air temperature from March to September increased by 1℃,the beginning phases of freeze delayed by 1.57.5 days,averagely by 2.3 days,except for Guide,Nuomuhong and Huzhu;When the mean air temperature from October of last year to February of next year increased by 1℃,the thaw phase were 213days earlier,averagely 2.3 days,except for Menyuan and Delingha.When the rainfall increased by 10mm,the thaw phase delayed by 26 days,averagely by 2.3days,except for Nuomuhong 12 days delayed.When the mean air temperature from October of last year to February of next year increased by 1℃,the number of days from beginning freeze phase to thaw phase were shortened by 2.423.1 days,averagely by 1.8 days,except for Guide,Henan and Menyuan.

Properties of Soil and Growth of Root Systems of Paddy Rice under No-Tillage Cultivation with Quick Cleaning-Stubble

GONG Qing-wei~(1),ZHOU Ying-bin~(2),TANG Qi-yuan~(2),HUANG Jian-liang~(2)(1.Institute of Plant Protection,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;2.College of Plant Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University)

2006, 27(02):  139-141. 

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Effects of no-tillage cultivation with quick cleaning-stubble on the properties of soil and growth of root systems of paddy rice were investigated.Results showed that continuous notillage cultivation helped to improve soil physical structure and the ability to maintain soil moisture and fertility.The contents of the organic matter,total N,total P,available N,available K and instant P in plough layer by no-tillage cultivation were higher than those in ploughing cultivation(CK),but Zn and total K were lower than CK.No-tillage cultivation improved the growth,development and distribution of rice root systems,and enhanced absorption activity of root systems as well.

Influence of Sowing Date on Main Components of Waxy Maize Sowed in Autumn in South China

FENG Ying-zhu,CHEN Hui-yang,YU Tu-yuan,WEN Hui-ting(Zhongkai Agricultural Technical College,Guangzhou 510225,China)

2006, 27(02):  142-146. 

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The sowing date experiment of waxy maize,with a waxy maize hybrid variety Xiangbainuo,sowed in Autumn 2004 in Guangzhou was conducted to study the influence of sowing date on main quality components of wax maize during grain filling stage.The results showed that different sowing dates were not able to change the trend of main components,but it had greatly influenced on the contents of maize components.The average content of soluble protein,crude protein,fat and starch of waxy maize kernel in early sowing date(September 3) was higher than that of the late sowing date(September 23) by 0.87mg/g,2.68%,1.0% and 4.96% respectively.The average contents of maize grain's soluble protein,crude protein,fat and starch in early sowing date was higher than that of the late sowing date by 0.74mg/grain,9.67 mg/grain,2.3 mg/grain and 25.52 mg/grain respectively,while the seed water contents in early sowing date was declined by 1.37% each day after pollination,it was more quickly than that of the late sowing date by 0.44%.It was suggested that the suitable sowing date of waxy maize in Guangzhou was before the second week of September.

Analysis of Cause of Hybrid Early Rice Yield Decrease and Selection of Optimal Sowing Stage in Hainan Province

CHEN Tong-qiang(Haikou Meteorological Bureau of Hainan Province,Haikou 571100,China)

2006, 27(02):  147-150. 

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Based on the growing period data of early hybrid rice in the last 22 years,the causes of low yield of early hybrid rice in Hainan Province were analyzed by relative survey method.The result showed that the primary factors of yield reduction were low temperature and less sunshine in rice shooting stage.The correlative coefficient and multi-coefficient between increase rate and cloudy days and mean temperature of shoots were 0.6094 and 0.4799 and 0.6098 at 0.01and 0.05 and 0.05 significant level respectively.Considering early rice,late rice and winter vegetable production chose the optimal sowing date.

Studies on Soil Moisture Dynamics of Natural Grassland in Qinghai Lake Region

SONG Li-ming,LOU Hai-ping(Haibei Animal Husbandry Meteorological Experimental Station,Xihai 810200,China)

2006, 27(02):  151-155. 

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Base on observed soil moisture data during 1987 and 1996 in Tiebujia animal husbandry meteorological experimental station,the relationship of soil moisture contents with the changes of seasons,soil depths and rainfall was analyzed.The forecast models of soil moisture content at different soil depths were established.The results showed that the soil moisture content during the spring defrost time mainly depended on the soil moisture storage before frozen in the last year and the balance of frozen and defrost process.The average soil moisture content during forage grass germination period was significantly related to the rainfall and to the rainfall in the last or before last year as well.It was same as by the annual soil moisture contents.The soil moisture content reached at a relative high level in 4070 cm depths.The soil moisture did not meet the needs of the growth and development of the forage grass in the Qinghai Lake Region.

Meteorological Forecast on Summer Locust Outbreaks in Hebei Province

YAO Shu-ran,LI Chun Qiang(Meteorological Institute of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050021,China)

2006, 27(02):  156-159. 

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The outbreak forecast of the summer locust plays an important role in the decision-making of the summer locust prevention and control.The key meteorological factors affecting summer locust outbreak were selected by using Spearman Order Correlation methods.According to Bayesian rule,the best critical departure from normal value of the key meteorological factors for the outbreak of summer locust was determined by two kinds of ecological area.Using the disaster key time prediction method,the sensitivity of key years affected by meteorological factors was analyzed and the best factors of forecasting for summer locust outbreak in two kinds of ecological area were determined.Based on these,the modeling and the forecasting of summer locust outbreak were carried out for two different ecological regions in Hebei Province.The result was satisfied with the accuracy of modeling over 99%.The forecast was consistent with the real conditions in 2004 and 2005 respectively.