Table of Content

10 August 2005, Volume 26 Issue 04

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Impacts of Changes of Temperature and Precipitation on Agriculture in Hebei Regions

LI Yuan-hua~(1),CHE Shao-jing~(2)(1.Climate Centre of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;2. Meteorological Bureau of Shijiazhuang City)

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Based on the available observation data from 70 meteorological stations in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei regions,recorded from the very beginning of the observation to 2000,the changes of the characteristics of average temperature and the spatio-temporal distribution of the precipitation and the annual,inter-annual and decade were analyzed,taken temperature and precipitation as main meteorological factors.The results showed that the mean temperature had increased by 0.8-1.2℃ averagely and increased by 0.4℃ per decade.The yearly precipitation had decreased by 87 mm averagely and by 21 mm per decade due to the global warming up in 90′s these regions.The each growing period of winter wheat had moved up.The winter wheat growing boundary extended to over 41°N from the 1990′s,which was about 30-50 km northward compared with it in the 1950′s.

Study on Climate Division of Flue-cured Tobacco Planting in Hubei Province

LI Jin-ping~(1),GAO You-zhen~(2)(1.Institute of Hubei Tobacco Science,Wuhan 430030,China;2.Institute of Forestry Prospect and Design of Hubei Province)

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The flue-cured tobacco planting zone in Hubei Province could be classified as five regions with clustering method,based on the meteorological data from 1961 to 2000.The climatic characteristics and adequate transplanting time in these five regions were analyzed.Compared with the climatic conditions in high quality flue-cured tobacco planting areas in China and abroad,Lichuan city,Xianfeng county and Wufeng county were recognized as the high quality of flue-cured tobacco planting areas in Hubei Province.The study provided guidance for adjusting the planting areas and improving cultivation technology of flue-cured tobacco in Hubei Province.

Analysis of Fluctuation of Inundated Area of Flood Disaster at Multi-time Scale Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) Method in China

ZHANG Ming-yang~(1),WANG Ke-lin~(1),LIU Hui-yu~(2), LIN Zhen-shan~(2)(1.Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410025,China;2.College of Geographical Science,Nanjing Normal University)

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Empirical mode decomposition(EMD) method had been used to study the fluctuation of inundated area of flood disaster from 1950 to 2002 in China.The result showed that:(1)there were fluctuations of about 3-year,6-year,11-year and 50-year time scale.(2)By analyzing the contribution ratio of fluctuations at different time scale,contribution ratio of about 3-year period was the biggest,which meant about 3-year oscillation is the most prominent.(3)Shown from oscillation at different time-scale,the amplitude of the fluctuation of the inundated area had increased in recent years.In other words,the great flood disaster might come forth in some year.At the same time,from the trends of oscillation at different time-scale,the inundated area of flood disaster in China was still during the period of increasing.Due to the increase of frequency and the strength of intensity,the cause of the formation had been further analyzed and some countermeasures had been developed.

Responses of Spring Phenology to Climate Changes in Beijing in Last 150 Years

ZHANG Xue-xia~(1),GE Quan-sheng~(2),ZHENG Jing-yun~(2),ZHANG Fu-chun~(2)(1.College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China;2.~()Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences)

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Based on the calculation of six plant phenology in spring in Beijing,a expresentative index of spring phenology,was used to analyze response model of plant phenology to temperature changes.According to changing trends of temperature,temperature and phenology data in historical periods were categorized to four series with the same length of time slice.Prominence differences of two series were verified by u-test.Response model and mechanisms of phenophase on temperature changes were analyzed in different series with different models of temperature changes.It had been concluded that the response of phenophase advance or delay to temperature change was nonlinear.At the same amplitude of temperature change,phenophase delay amplitude caused by temperature decrease was less than phenophase advance amplitude caused by temperature increase;If the temperature increased 1℃,spring phenophase in Beijing would advance 2.8-3.6 days.

Extension of Later-maturing Longan and Litchi in Littoral Area of Ningde Using Thermal Resource Over Winter

LI Wen,CAI Wen-hua,WANG Jia-yi(Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Fuzhou,350001,China)

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General environmental conditions and special micro-meteorological conditions for later-maturing longan and litchi avoiding cold injury in littoral Area of Ningde of Fujian Province were analyzed,based on GIS techniques.In addition,regionalization of these fruit trees was made combining with current land use and terrain conditions,such as slope and orientation.And then, some suggestions with respect to developing a production center for later-maturing longan and litchi in Ningde were put forward,which provided scientific advices for local governments and relative departments to make decision and program production.

Division of Suitable Eco-climatic Planting Areas of Winter Wheat in Longdong Area

WANG Ning-zhen~(1,2),WANG Run-yuan~(1),XUE Jing-xuan~(2),HUANG Bin~(2),WANG Ying~(3)(1.Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Agricultura Meteorological Experiment Station of Xifeng;3.Meteorological Station of Heshui County)

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Based on the winter wheat yields and meteorology data from 1972 to 2003 in Longdong,the distribution characters of the meteorological factors and the relationship between winter wheat yield and meteorological conditions during the growing periods of winter wheat were analyzed.The winter wheat planting areas in Longdong were divided into 5 different planting regions,according to the determined division indexes.The effective measures for fully utilizing climate resources,adjusting crop configuration and developing the economic were put forward.

Study on Micro-environment of Temperature and Moisture on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum.L.) Under Drip Irrigation Mulched With Plastic Film

HU Xiao-tang,ZHANG Wang-feng(Agricultural College,University of Shihezi,Shihezi 832003,China)

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Under the drip irrigation mulched with plastic film,the soil temperature and moisture on the rhizosphere,leaves temperature,air temperature and humidity of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum.L.) field were observed and measured.The relationships of the cotton rhizosphere soil moisture to temperature,and cotton canopy temperature to air humidity,were analyzed based on these observations.It was found that the ratio of soil temperature of the cotton rhizosphere to the soil moisture(T_(s)/θ) was approximately linear function of the soil depth(Z),and the temperature difference between cotton leaves and air(T_(c)-T_(a)) was linearly relational with vapor pressure deficit(VPD).These results proved the facts that the mulched drip irrigation techniques could provide a favorable uptake conditions for cotton root systems and improve to the growth of cotton.

Features of Climate Change and Its Impacts on Ecosystems of Grassland in Inner Mongolia

CHEN Su-hua,GONG Chun-ning(Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Inner Mongolia,Huhhot 010051,China)

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The features of climate change and its impacts on ecosystems of grassland in Inner Mongolia were analyzed.A remarkable character of changes in climate discovered was that the climate had warmed up and the precipitation was increased in the Inner Mongolia characterized as "more temperature increase in the high latitude region and less increase in the low latitude region".Due to these changes of climate,the frost-free period was delayed and the probability of snow cover,ice snow,thunderstorm,gale,dust storm and white disaster decreased.These changes made eco-environment of the grassland in Inner Mongolia meliorate.The adverse impact of climate change led to an increased probability of grasshopper in recent years.The grassland degradation impute to the irrational activities of human being.

Impacts of Climate Change on Jiaxing's Agriculture and Response Strategy

YANG Yong-ping,CHEN You-ping,GUO Ke-yi(Meteorological Bureau of Jiaxing City,Jiaxing 314001,China)

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The ground observed meteorological data and grain crop yields were analyzed over the past 50 years in Jiaxing City.The results showed that due to warming up in winter and excessive precipitation in the 1990's,in particular,low radiation and excessive precipitation with enlarged annual varability,the yields spring grain crops were not steady.The early rice was threatened as the Meiyu season centralized with an increased precipitation.It was favorable to late rice production with moderate temperature,rich radiation and less precipitation between September and October.To configuration the crop structure could fully utilize the ascendant agro-climatic resources and improve the agricultural benefits.

Influence of Climate Eco-environment Conditions on Flue-cured Tobacco Yield and Quality in South Region of Jiangxi Province

XIE Yuan-yu~(1),GUO Meng-sheng~(2),XIAO Lin-chang~(3),ZHANG Zu-qing~(3)(1.Meteorological Bureau of Ganzhou City,Ganzhou 341000,China;2.Meteorological Bureau ofNankang City;3.Institute of Tobacco Science of Ganzhou City)

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Based on the observations on the tobacco yield and quality in the five counties in the South Region of Jiangxi Province,the influence of climate eco-environment conditions on the tobacco yield and quality was analyzed by using meteorological data.The results showed that the nicotine content was higher with lower aroma content in the low altitude region which was not suitable for the tobacco planting at large scale.The protected cultivation or selection of suitable period for transplanting was one of the possible way to improve the tobacco yield and quality.

Utilization and Interception of Light on Rice Population During Filling Stage

XIE Li-yong~(1,2),XU Zheng-jin~2,LIN Er-da~1,ZHANG Wen-zhong~2,LIU Hong-guang~2(1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;2.College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University)

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The utilization and interception of light on different rice panicle type variety populations during their filling stages were measured and analyzed.The results showed that there was significant difference in N-S row direction for rice populations of different panicle type varieties in light interception,while there was not significant difference in EW row direction.There was significant difference in light interception for different row directions of erect panicle type,while the curved panicle type was no different.Light reflection of canopy in all populations increased with the development of growth stages,and there was a difference between the erect panicle type and the curved panicle type varieties.Light penetration of soil surface was very similar between the erect panicle type and the curved panicle type varieties,but it was different between N-S and E-W row directions.

Climate Division of Suitable Planting Area of Processing Tomato in Xinjiang

YU Shu-long~(1),WANG Jian~(1),YANG Xiao-guang~(2),CUI Xiao-jun~(3),REN Shui-lian~(4)(1.Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;2.China Agricultural University;3.China Meteorological Press;4.Xinjiang Center of Environmental Meteorology)

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Through analyzing the relation between processing tomato yield and meteorological conditions,The five climate factors were selected as climatic index.The three climatic zones for the planting of the processing tomato in Xinjiang were divided by using approach degree of Euclid and the climatic indexes.

Comparison of Frost Hardiness of Maize Varieties in Yanbei Region

WANG Ying-chun~(1),SUN Zhong-fu~(1),GUO Shang~(2),AN Cheng-de~(3),DU Hui-ying~(1),SUN Zhi-hong~(1)(1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;2.Shanxi Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences;3.Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Longquan Township,Yanggao County,Shanxi Province)

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In order to select maize varieties with strong frost hardiness,five maize varieties were chosen to compare ability of frost hardiness by suffering from nature frost and simulation frost experiment.The results showed that Nongda 108 had the strongest ability to freezing hardiness and Shandan 931 had the weakest ability to freezing hardiness among 5 maize varieties.The lower temperature and the longer frost lasted,the more serious damage maize would have.The nearer maize approaching maturity period,the stronger the maize ability to freezing hardiness would have.

Monitoring of Soil Moisture by Apparent Thermal Inertia Method

GUO Qian,LI Guo-chun(Department of Meteorology,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)

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Based on the analysis of feasibility applying remote sensing methods to monitor soil moisture,the basic theories and particular implement processes monitoring soil moisture were introduced by Apparent Thermal Inertia Method(ATIM).The calculation and validation showed that the method had a relative high precision within 20cm soil depth,while the precision decreased beyond 30cm soil depth.It was convenient,shortcut and multi-time and interface compared with the traditional soil moisture monitoring methods by using ATIM.Compared with other remote sensing methods,the implement of ATIM was easy and needed less cost,in particular,didn't need a lot of meteorology data by monitoring soil moisture at large scale of areas.However,ATIM only adapted to soil moisture monitoring for bare soil or low vegetation covered soil.

Study on Plant Phenological Model

LI Rong-ping~(1),ZHOU Guang-sheng~(1),YAN Qiao-ling~(2,3)(1.Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang 110016,China;2.Institute ofApplied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;3.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

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Plant phenological model is mathematics functions to simulate plants growth,which is based on the responses of plant ongoing on environment factors.Tree and crop phenological models were introduced in this paper.According to different understandings of plant dormancy released process,there are seven different types of tree phenological models.As for crop phenological models,there are generally the same crop phenological model,according to the growth and development rule of crops.The significance of plant phenological model study,the problems existed in the study and its development trends were discussed.

Experimental Validation of a New Method to Evaluate Crop Water Stress Index(CWSI)

WANG Li-ming~(1),QIU Guo-yu~(1),ZHANG Qing-tao~(1),ZHANG Xi-ying~(2),CHEN Su-ying~(2)(1.College of Resources Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;2.ShijiazhuangInstitute of Agricultural Modernization,Chinese Academy of Sciences)

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In order to validate the possibility to replace Tcu(maximum canopy temperature) by Tp(temperature of imitation leaf),which was proposed by Imitation Leaf Temperature Method,and reduce the included parameters for CWSI calculation,field experiments were carried out in a winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) field in Luancheng area,Hebei Province,where is the main production area of winter wheat in China.Six controlled soil water deficit treatments were established and soil water content,leaf water potential,soil evaporation rate,plant transpiration rate,biomass,yield,and regular meteorological variables were measured.In this experiment,imitation leaf was made by spreading glue water in the middle of selected leaf,which was different from that in the former experiments.Results indicated that the values of Tcu agreed with the values of Tp with a correlation coefficient r=0.977.While the values of CWSI estimated by the use of Tp were in agreement with CWSI by Jackson's method,with a coorelation coefficient r=0.999.Furthermore,CWSI estimated by the use of Tp had good relations with soil water content and leaf water potential,showing that the estimated CWSI by Tp was a good indicator for soil water and plant status.