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Table of Content

    10 April 2004, Volume 25 Issue 02
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    • 论文
    A Preliminary Study on Water Absorption Properties and Biological Effects of a New Water-holding Agent γ-Poly Glutamate
    WANG Chuan-hai~1; HE Du-ling~1; ZHENG You-fei~1; YAO Ke-ming~1; XU Hong~2 (1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China; 2.College of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Nanjing Industry University)
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    The water absorption properties and biological effects of γ-poly glutamate (γ-PGA) were investigated. The γ-PGA could absorb 30 to 80 multiple of water in soil and to 1108.4 multiple of water, which was one time higher than that of poly acrylate. The colloid solution of γ-PGA had rather perfect effects on holding and releasing water in soil. It thus enhanced the drought resistance of crop seedlings. The γ-PGA could significantly improve the germination percentage of wheat and ryegrass even in the condition of simulated drought stress of 0.206M PEG(6000).
    Spatial and Temporal Variation of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in Beijing
    DUAN Yong-hong, TAO Shu, LI Ben-gang (College of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
    2004, 25(02):  . 
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    Based on the long-term observed data of meteorological stations in Beijing, the reference crop evapotranspirations (ET_0) for each month and each station were calculated, by using Penman-Monteith method recommended by the FAO. The spatial analysis module in Arcview was employed for data interpolation and grayscale mapping. There are two throughout year steady low evapotranspiration centers and several high evapotranspiration centers varied with the seasons. The elevation and topography led to change in surface temperature and heat balance are the main reasons for the temporal and spatial distribution changes of ET_0 in Beijing. The meteorological factors, such as wind velocity, duration of sunshine and relative humidity, and its interaction have a big influence on ET_0 as well.
    Studies on Meteorological Index of Warm Winter Damage of Litchi and Longan and its Temporal and Spatial Distribution in Guangxi
    KUANG Zhao-min~1, OU Zhao-rong~1, LIANG Mian-yong~2 (1.Institute of Disaster Reduction of Guangxi, Nanning 530022, China;2.Sanshan Horticultural Farm of Yulin City)
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    Based on the data of the meteorology and observed warm winter damage of Litchi and Longan in Yulin City of Guangxi Autonomous Region, the Meteorological indices for warm winter damage were determined. The temporal and spatial distributions of warm winter damage of Litchi and Longan in Guangxi were analyzed.
    Studies on Correlation Between Length of Rice Heading Stage and Temperature in the Cold Region in Heilongjiang Province
    WANG Li-zhi, WANG Chun-yan, LI Zhong-jie, WANG Lian-min, JIAO Jiang, XU Xian-bin (Institute of Crop Cultivation,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086,China)
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    The correlation between the length of rice heading stage and seedling standing and transplanting period was studied. The result showed that the length of rice heading stage was positively correlated both with the seedling standing and accumulated temperature from 11~(th) to 20~(th) days and from 21~(st) to 30~(th) days after transplanting. The reasons led to the early-heading and extended heading stage were a longer seedling standing period and a high temperature after transplanting in the cold region.
    Forecast on Drought and Flood Disaster in Henan Province in 2010
    JIAO Shi-xing~(1),LIU Shao-feng~2,LIU Qing-chun~3 (1.Department of Geography,Anyang Teachers College,Anyang 455000,China;2.Jiaozuo Normal College; 3.College of Environment and Planning, Henan University)
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    The paper forecasts drought and flood disaster in 45 counties of Henan Province in 2100 with Markov Chain Model, and analyzes the results based on the precipitation data from 1960 to 2000. Results show that it will happen drought and flood in 15.5% and 20% counties of Henan Province in 2010, and the disaster layout is flood in south of Henan Province and drought in north of Henan Province.
    Analysis of Rice Chilling Injury and Countermeasures in Heilongjiang Province
    JIAO Jiang, XU Xian-bin, MENG Ying (Institute of Crop Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China)
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    The characteristics of meteorological conditions for the summer of 2002 in the Heilongjiang Province were analyzed, compared with the occurrences of rice chilling injury and rice blast. The reasons and suitable countermeasures of rice chilling injury were put forward.
    Dynamic Change of Regional Combination Law of Drought and Flood Disasters in Jilin Province
    LIU Ji-ping~(1,2), LU Xian-guo~1, WU Zheng-fang~3 (1.Northeast Institute of Geography and Agro-ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130021, China; 2.Department of Geography,Jilin Normal University; 3.College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Normal University)
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    We analyzed the characteristics of drought and flood disasters and the dynamic change of regional combinational law on temporal scale in Jilin Province by using Markov Chain Model. The conclusion was drawn that flood in the Eastern Jilin and drought in the Western Jilin were a preponderant state, while drought in the whole Jilin Province was in an active state with a less stability, a strong replacement and a strong relation with other states. The state of no occurrence of drought and flood disaster in the whole Jilin Province was relative stable in the changed process with less activity. Every state changed periodically. The results showed in this paper had provided a scientific basis for decision making in the disaster reduction, prevention and control in Jilin Province.
    Analysis of Grey Connected Gather and Classification for Agricultural Climate Resources in Linfen City
    LIU Feng-lan (College of Biotechnology and Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 041000, China)
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    The agricultural climate resources for 17 counties in Linfen City were analyzed, by using the method of grey connected gather and classification. The result showed that the Linfen City was divided into five agricultural climate resource zones. The agricultural climate resources in the low latitude regions were better than that in the high latitude regions, while it was better in the basin regions than that in the mountain areas and better in the eastern mountain areas than that in the western mountain areas.
    Classification and its Application of Phenology Season in Nuomuhong Areas of Qinghai Province
    QI Ru-ying~1,NING Xing-hong~2,YAN Jing-rui~2 (1. Qinghai Climate Data Center, Xining 81001,China; 2.Institute of Meteorological Science of Qinghai Province)
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    Based on the observed data of the phenology phases and meteorological factors, such as annual precipitation, duration of sunshine and air temperature, in 1980～2000 in the Nuomuhong areas, the different phenology seasons were divided. According to the relationship between the appearance of phenology phase and critical temperature, the application suggestions of phenology seasons in arranging agricultural activities were put forward.
    Stem-leaf Ecosystem of Spring Wheat and Solar Energy Efficiency in all Film-mulched Condition
    YANG Song~1,LIU Jun-lin~1, ZHAO Hui-zhang~1, QING Xiao-yan~2 (1. Institute of Agro-meteorology of Bayannaoer League, Linhe 015000, China;2. Extension Center for Agricultural Technology, Linhe City)
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    The stem-leaf ecosystem of spring wheat and solar energy efficiency were studied in all film-mulched condition. The results showed that the light leak rate, net photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic productivity, solar energy efficiency of wheat population and stem-leaf ecosystem had significantly improved in the all film-mulched condition. The wheat yields increased remarkably. The all film-mulched cultivation of spring wheat became one of an important way in improving wheat yield and quality in the Hetao irrigated areas of Inner Mongolia.
    Micro-climate Environment Conditions and its Control in Aquatic Animal Raising in Greenhouse
    YU Jia-cheng, WANG Sheng (Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China)
    2004, 25(02):  . 
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    Based on the analysis of status on domestic and international industrialized aquatic animal raising, the issues in the facility and management of aquatic production were discussed. The key issues influenced the development of industrialized aquatic production was the micro-climate environment conditions, such as temperature, radiation and water quality in the greenhouse. The concrete measures for adjusting and controlling the micro-climate environment conditions in greenhouse were put forward.
    A Preliminary Study on Correlation Between Fertility of Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile (TGMS) Rice and Temperature
    CHEN Guo-hui, JIANG Li-chun, WEI Ming, WANG Guang-ming (College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing 400716, China)
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    Based on the data of different sowing date experiments under natural temperature conditions, the fertility of Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile (TGMS) line Pei'ai 64S was observed. The correlation between the fertility of TGMS line and temperature was analyzed. The dissemination finger, bagged seed and selfed setting percentage of the TGMS line were established to determine the temperature sensitive stag of fertility. The results showed that the fertility of TGMS line was highly negatively correlated with the mean temperature during the temperature sensitive stage.
    Analysis of Precipitation Change Trend During Key Water Requirement Periods of Winter Wheat in Tibet
    DU Jun, ZHANG Yong, SONAM Ngotrur (Meteorological Bureau of Lhasa City, Lhasa 850001, China)
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    Based on the data of ten days precipitation from 1961 to 2000 in the different climatic zones of Tibet, the characteristics and change trend of precipitation during growth periods of winter wheat were analyzed. The results showed that the precipitation variability was big during jointing to booting and heading to milk stage of winter wheat in the semi-arid agricultural zones, while the precipitation in the most of years could not meet water requirements of winter wheat. In the semi-humid regions the precipitation could not meet water requirement of winter wheat during heading to milk stage, but with a water surplus during heading to milk stage. In the last 40 years, the precipitation during heading to milk stage and whole growth period of winter wheat showed obviously increasing trend in semi-humid agricultural zones and in the semi-arid agricultural zones after 1981, but with a decreasing trend in the semi-arid agricultural zones before 1981.
    Study on CO_2 Transfer and Ecosystem Optimization of Poultry-vegetable Coexisting Solar Greenhouse
    YANG Qi-chang,WEI Ling-ling,YU Heng-shan (Institute of Agro-environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081, China)
    2004, 25(02):  . 
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    The mathematic models for CO_2 transfer principle were built, through simulating and analyzing of the CO_2 transfer in the poultry-vegetable coexisting solar greenhouse. Based on the results of the simulation and environmental experiments, the recommended design parameters for the optimum proportion of livestock and vegetables, the greenhouse and animal house areas were put forward. The proper planting and raising schedules were selected.
    A Calculation Method for Relative Air Humidity and its Program Realization
    XU Li-fen~1, HUANG Xiao-yin~2 (1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; 2.Department of Computer Science, Yunnan Agricultural University)
    2004, 25(02):  . 
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    Based on Benchmark data, a calculation method for relative air humidity using linear insertion method was put forward, through analyzing the relations among humidity, dry-bulb temperature and damp bulb temperature contrast. The relations between accuracy, measure bound and benchmark data were discussed. This calculation method is a simple and accurate method in calculation. The calculated results are highly identical with the value obtained from datasheet. Applying this method in real-time system showed that the value accuracy measured humidity depended mainly on the accuracy measured temperature.
    Spatial Crop Yield Simulation Using GIS-based Crop Production Model
    XIONG Wei~(1,2) (1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing 100094 China; 2.Institute of Agro-environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences)
    2004, 25(02):  . 
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    The traditional assessments of climate change on crop based on simulation models are normally site-specific. In policy formulation, however, spatial variability of crop production often needs to be evaluated due to different soil conditions, weather conditions and agricultural practices within a target-region.A spatial crop simulation methodology based on GIS combining process-crop model was introduced, along with its validation process and approaches of spatial database collection.
    A Preliminary Study on Calculation Method for Water and Land Surface Evaporative Capacity in Yunnan Province
    GU Ben-wen, DAI Cong-rui (Agro-meteorological Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, China)
    2004, 25(02):  . 
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    Based on the climate data from 1951 to 2000 in the 125 meteorological stations in Yunnan Province, the water and land surface evaporation capacities were calculated, by using the method developed by the authors in this paper. The precision of the calculated results reached at the second standard promulgated by hydrological authorities. The results showed that the method had an application value in the calculation method of total solar radiation, revising of evaporation by altitude, selection of Ct and revising of suitable application conditions of the Buderk formula.
    Research Progress on Crop Root Water Uptake Models
    ZHAO Cheng-yi (Institute of Agro-environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)
    2004, 25(02):  . 
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    The study status, the existing problems and the research in the future for the crop root water uptake models were summarized in this paper. The root water uptake models were divided into microscopic and macroscopic model according to the methods for processing the source/sink S (z, t) of root water uptake. The microscopic root water uptake models could describe soil water movements in the micro-zones of roots, but the hypothesis for the uniform distribution of roots was quite different from the situation in the fields. The boundary conditions were easily determined and controlled by the macroscopic models, while the gradient of water stress in the micro-zones of roots was ignored. Checking and completing the existing root water uptake models, simulating the root process, such as water uptake, fertilizers absorption, infiltration and respiration, and studying the root system construction, function and distribution should be emphasized in the future.