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10 February 2004, Volume 25 Issue 01

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Primary Application of NOAA/AVHRR in Estimating of the Spring Crop Yields in the Low-Latitude Altiplano

PU Ji-cun DONG Xie-qiong YOU-lin (1.Meteorological Bureau of Qujing in Yunnan, Qujing 655000, China; 2. Yunnan Center for Agricultural Meteorology, Kunming 650034)

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Using meteorological satellite NOAA/AVHRR channel 1 and channel 2 data to estimate yields of the spring crop in the Low- Latitude Altiplano (for example Qujing) was discussed in present paper. Based on GPS and GIS, remote sensing Ⅵ digital image was interpreted by watching and analyzed in statistics. Combined ground observation with simultaneous climate data, the increasing or decreasing trend of spring crop yields was predicted. The result shows that the period from January to March is more feasible to monitor and to pick up the crop growing information, and March is the best time to estimate yields of the spring crop. It also shows that the method of extending sample data by integrating time and space is efficient as satellite remote data is always in short term.

Studies on Relationship Between Growth and Development of Northward Winter Wheat and Meteorological Conditions

ZHANG Ai-zhi, GAO Zhi-qiang, WEI Li-ping, XIN Tiao-er (1. Shared Satellite Remote Sensing Center for Disaster Reduction, Taiyuan 03002, China; 2.Shared Agricultural University; 3. Shared Institute of Meteorological Sciences)

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Through comparing the growth difference of major wheat variety "Beiyi No. 1" in its original cultivated region and in the northward region, the change of the growing period of winter wheat in the northward region showed the characteristics of "three short and two long . The seedling stage, turning green to joint stage and joint to heading stage became shorter; The over wintering stage and milk stage became longer. This led to the wheat's vegetation period being shortened greatly, the transition period from vegetation to reproduction also being shortened, but the reproduction period being extended obviously. Based on dry matter accumukting and water containing condition of the northward winter wheat before winter, we divided its cold-resistant exercise process into three phases: preparing phase, developing phase and adapting phase. In the northward region of winter wheat, although the time for young ear development was shorter than that in its original cultivated region, it was still 5 days longer than local spring wheat. Because the heading stage was earlier, the milk stage moved to the favorable time. This improved the condition for grain weight rising.

Effects of Micro - climate in Bags on Quality and Yield of Grapes

LIU Xian-chen; CHENG Zhe; JIN Yi-zhu; ZHAO Wen-rao; CHEN Gang; YAO Zi-sen (1 Jilin Higher College for Professional Training, Jilin 132101, China; 2. Center for Thunder Protection of Jilin Province)

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The experiment using plastic bags to cover the grape fruit was conducted to determine the effects of micro - climate in bags on quality and yield of grapes. The results showed that the temperature difference between day and night in the bag surroundings had significantly increased. This benefited the assimilation of carbohydrate in the fruits. Although the temperature in the bags was relative higher during daytime, due to the relative higher humidity, the risk of grape fruit injury was effectively reduced. With relative lower temperature and higher humidity in the bags during night, the daily shrink of the fruits was reduced. As the fruiting cane enlarged down to lower parts of the plants, the grape yields had increased. The grape yield in frame planting increased by 15% -20%, and the economic effectiveness increased by more than 30% .

Analysis of Meteorological Yield of Winter Wheat

ZHANG Li, ZHANG Bao-hua (The NO. 52 Farm of Henan Province, Xihua 466614, China)

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Based on the data of winter wheat yields of the No. 52 farm in the Henan Province, the trend and the meteorological yields of winter wheat were calculated, by applying glide average and curve imitate methods. The results showed that the meteorological yield fluctuation of winter wheat became bigger. Introduced the year ordinal as time enlarge factor and taken the meteorological conditions in October as an example, the meteorological yield of winter wheat were calculated by the multiple regression analysis. This method could significantly rise the coefficients of the calculations.

The Characteristics and Prediction of Spring Drought Index in the East Gansu Province

GUO Jiang - yong, YE Yan - hua (Lanzhou Institute of Arid - meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China)

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Based on the precipitation and temperature data of 55 stations from 1968 to 2002, the spring drought indexes were calculated. The criteria of spring drought were established. By using Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (REOF) methods, the climate regions were divided and the spatial and temporal distribution of the spring drought indexes were analyzed. The results showed that three regions belonged to the drought frequent occurred areas with the drought frequency from 36% to 57% . The most serious periods of drought occurred in the 1990' s. The trend of drought occurrence was declined in the 2000' s. The forecast model of Mean Generation Function (MGF) based on spring drought indexes was able to predict the drought occurrence for the East Gansu Province.

Research in relationship of yield and it's meteorological conditions of Lycium barbarum L.

Liu Jing; Zhang Xiao-yu; Yang You-lin; Ma Li-wen; Zhang Xue-yi; Ye Dian-xiu (1. Ningxia laboratory for meteorological disaster prevention and reduction, Yin chuan, 750002 China; 2. National climate center of China)

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By analyzing statistic characters of meteorological data and historic yield data of Lycium barbarian L, The influence of yiled with different vactors is studied such as temperature, radiation, precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed in whole growing season or in different terms, and the index of each factor is established. The result shows that the amount of temperature accumulated over 10* in whole growing season for Lycium barbarum L need is 3450℃·d, as well as the sunlight hours is 1640h. There are lots of factors related to yield in different period of growing season, the most in period of summer fruit growing season. Lycium barbarum L is rare suffer from high temperature in the beginning of summer fruit growing season, and deep influenced by dry - hot wind. This is a new discovery so far research in Lycium barbarum L.

A Study on Forecast Model for Maize Climate Yield in Heilongjiang Province

JIANG Li-xia, WANG Yu-gang, SUN Meng-mei, SUN Yu-ting (l. Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China; 2. Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Meteorological Sciences)

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A forecast model for maize climate yield in the Heilongjiang Province was established, through modifying the curve of accumulated dry matter of maize by temperature and water demands for each growing period. The model provided a scientific base for predicting maize yields in the Heilongjiang Province.

Inference Forecast on Oviposition Time of Overwintered Corn Borer Based on Multiple and Complex Fuzzy Implication

GONGXi-hong, GONG Zhao-fang, SONG You-yu, ZHANG Cui-ling, XIU Ming-xia (Plant Protection Station of Rushan City, Rushan 264500, China)

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Taken the temperature, humidity and precipitation as input characteristic factors, the oviposition time of overwintered corn bore was forecasted, by using compositional rule of inference (CRI) , which is one of the methods of the multiple and complex fuzzy implication. The results showed that this method was an effective method to forecast the oviposition time of corn borer of overwintered generations.

A Study on the Relationship between the Occurrence of the Main Agricul- tural Insects and Environmental Conditions in Kazuo County

SUN Li - de, ZHANG Dian - xiang (1. Meteorological Bureau of Kazuo County, Kazuo 122300,China;2. Plant Protection Station of Kazuo County)

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We summarized the relationship between the occurrence of the main agricultural insects and the environmental conditions, and the forecast results in the recent years in Kazuo County, Liaoning Province. The occurrence tendency of the main agricultural insects was forecasted for 2002. Some control tactics were put forward.

Validating PRECIS with ECMWF Reanalysis Data over China

XU Yin-long, Richard Jones (1. Institute of Agricultural Environment and sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081, China; 2. Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, UK)

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In this paper, 5-year (1979 -1983) ECMWF reanalysis data is employed as quasi-observational boundaries to drive PRECIS to validate PRECIS capacity of simulating present climate over China. It is indicated from the direct day-today comparison of the simulated and observed daily maximum/minimum surface air temperature (Tmax/Tmin) and total downward shortwave surface flux in Beijing station that PRECIS possesses strong capacity to simulate the seasonal cycles of these variables; direct comparison of monthly mean precipitation shows that the simulated seasonal cycle of precipitation fits the observation very well. The statistical analyses for whole country show that PRECIS can simulate Tmax/Tmin very well, though there is an odd zig-zag in the occurrence curve around 0 ℃, the simulated precipitation is normally larger, however, the statistical comparison of simulated and observed daily precipitation indicates that the capacity of PRECIS to simulate rainfall is strong; statistical analysis shows PRECIS overestimates the SW radiation about 22% over the whole country. It is necessary to re-calibrate the outputs of PRECIS when they are used as input data for potential impacts assessment work.

Analysis of Climate Diagnose and Division of Photo-thermo-sensitive Genie Male Sterile (PTGMS) Rice Lines with Double Low Critical Temperature Values in Seed Production

SHUAI Xi-qiang, WANG Kuo-jun, LIU Fu-lai (Hunan Institute of Meteorological Research, Changsha 410007,China)

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The suitability of the photo-thermo-sensitivegenic male sterile (PTGMS) rice lines with double low critical temperature values in the seed production was analyzed in Hunan province through analysis of climate diagnose and division. The results showed that the photo-thermo-sensitive genie male sterile (PTGMS) rice lines with double low critical temperature values could be used in the seed production in every district of the Hunan province. There were wide regions with no risk, high yield and long safety period for rice seed production in the Hunan province.

Research on Eco - climate and Planting Risk of Grape in Southeastern Gansu Province

YAO Xiao-ying, WANG Quan - fu, ZHU De- qiang, ZHUO Hong, JIA Hai-yuan (1. Lanzhou Univeisity, Lanzhou 730020, China; 2. Agro- meteorolgical Experiment Station of Tianshui City; 3. Meteorological Bureau of Jiuquan City; 4. Meteorological Bureau of Jinan City, Shandong Province; 5. Meteorological Bureau of Tianshui City)

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Based on analysis of grape phenology and the eco- climatic conditions in the Southeastern Gansu Province, the relationship between the grape yields and the climatic factors was discussed. The planting risk of grapes in this region was estimated. The proposals for reasonable utilization of climatic resources and for the development of grape planting in the Southeast Cansu Province were put forward.

A Study on Relationship Between Occurrence of Ostrinia furnacalis and Meteorolgical Conditions

LI Hong, KUANG Long - jiang, WU Hai - juan, LI Jing - qiu (l.Qiqihaer Meteorological Bureau, Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihaer 161006 China; 2. Qiqihaer Environment Monitorial Center)

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The relationship between occurrence of Ostrinia furnacalis and meteorological conditions was studied, in order to find the key meteorological factors for occurrence of Ostrinia furnacalis . The forecast model for occurrence of Ostrinia furnacalis was established based on this result, the forecasting effect was satisfactory.

Assessment of Climatic Productivity of Herbage for Natural Grass lands in the Northeastern Qinghai-tibet Plateau

YAO Yu-bi, ZHANG Xiu-yun, ZHU Guo-qing, WANG Wei-tai, LI Qiao-zhen, PEI Yong-cheng (1. Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, Lanzhou 730020, China; 2. Dingxi Meteorological Bureau; 3. Qingyang Meteorological Bureau)

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By using comprehensive mathematic model, the assessment model of climatic productivity of herbage for natural grasslands in the Northeastern Qinghai - tibet Plateau was established. The water balance and climatic productivity were analyzed . The results of simulation showed that climatic productivity increased from the Northwest to Southeast in this area.

Study on Agrometeorological Information Service Techniques Based on WebGIS

WANG Shi-li, ZHUANG Li-wei, LIU Geng-shan, WANG Jian-lin (I.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081 China; 2.National Meteorological Center)

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Aimed at the rapid development of information techniques and large social and market requirement for agrometeo-rological information, the agrometeorological information service techniques based on WebGIS are carried out. Nationwide network agrometeorological database of required for WebGIS is established by SQL Servre2000. The WebGIS server for agrometeorological information service is set up on ArcIMS (Internet Map Server)4.0 platform. The strong function of query for space and feature data at client-side and function of thematic map analysis are developed. The solution to dynamic predicting crop yield meeting the demand for Internet users is also discussed. The sharing techniques of agrometeorological information based on WebGIS will make it possible to transport agrometeorological information to farmers and decision-makers quickly and directly. It is of broad application value.

The Application of Wavelet Transform in Meteorological Study within Plant Canopy

JIANG Zhao-yang, YU Qiang, WANG Tian-duo, SUN Xiao-min (1.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2. Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

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Wavelet transform is a new branch of applied mathematics developed since 1980s, and has been used as a new method for spectral analysis. In this paper, the mathematical background and the application in microclimatic flied of wavelet analysis methods is reviewed, and then continuous Morlet wavelet transform is used to analyze the periodic components of temperature, wind speed and humidity measured by microclimatic methods at Yucheng (36°57′N, 116°36′E, 28m above sea level), located in the North China Plain, August of 1999 when maize was at he grain-filling stage. Continuous wavelet analysis provides a concise and compact information of periodic components of the measurements in the scale-time domain.

Studies on Effects of Row Directions on Micrometeorological Characters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Population with Different Spike Pattern Ⅱ. Effects of Row Direction on Dry Matter of Rice Population

FENG Yong-xiang, XU Zheng-jin, FAN Fu, WANG Jia-yu Richard Jones (1. Agricultural College of Inner Mongolia National University, Tongliao 028W2, China;2. Shenyang Agricultural University)

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The field experiment on the row direction with different rice ( Oryza sativa L.) varieties was conducted to determine its effects on the dry matter of rice population in the Shenyang region. The results showed that the row direction had bigger influence on the leaf weight of rice population and stem sheath weight than that on ear weight. The east-west row was of benefit to the dry matter accumulation of the upper ground parts of rice population. The arrect spike pattern planting in east-west row was better than the curved spike pattern.

Forecasting Insect Appearance Areas of Dendrolimus Punctatus Walker by Applying Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

ZHU Shou-yan, CHENG Hui-hua , CUI Xiang-fu (1. Meteorological Bureau of Xianju County, Xianju 317300, China; 2. Forestry Bureau of Xianju County)

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We chose eight meteorological factors, which highly related to the occurrence of dendrolimus punctatus walker, as the input characteristics of samples, by applying the theory and methods of the artificial neural network (ANN), a Back Propagation (BP) forecast model between the occurrence of dendrolimus punctatus walker and the meteorological factors was established. The results showed that the established BP model had both satisfying fitting and forecasting precision. With 15 hidden layer neurons and 8 input factors, the average fitting precision for 18 groups of insect appearance areas was 100%, and the coefficient was 1. 0000. The average forecast precision for 2 prepared groups of insect appearance areas was 96.85% , and forecast accuracy was 100% .

Analysis of Flood Disaster in the Past 50 Years in China

LI Mao - song, LI Sen, LI Yu - hui (Institute of Agro - meteorology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081 China)

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Based on the statistical data of flood occurrences from 1950 to 2000 in China, the characteristics of flood disaster were analyzed. The flood disaster in China was becoming more serious on occurring area and disaster - caused area in the latter 50 years of 20th century, and there were ten most serious flood disaster occurred years. Ration of occurring area and damaged area in serious water logging area against the whole country are both 47% , while the planting area is 39% of the whole country in these regions. Occurring area and damaged area in the north provinces of light water logging area and Henan, a province of serious water logging area decreased, and in most of other provinces was in increasing tendency. The reasons that caused the frequent occurrence of the flood disasters in the 1990s were analyzed, and advice on precautions and reduction measures against flood disaster were put forward.