Table of Content

10 August 2003, Volume 24 Issue 04

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Extraction of Remote Sensing Information of Spring Crops Under Support of GPS and GIS in Yunnan Province

DONG Xie-qiong 1, XU Hong 1, PU Ji-cun 2 (1 Agro-meteorological Centre of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, China; 2 Meteorological Bureau of Qujing City)

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Taken Qujing city of Yunnan Province as an example, the several tools were used to obtain the false color distributing images of spring crops and quantitative location data for the further calculations. The images were treated by using the results of principal component analysis from data of the multi-spectral AVHRR, combined with GPS and DEM (digital elevation model) information. The false color composition and non-supervised classification were conducted. The method could be effectively used in extracting remote sensing information of spring crops in the mountain areas in Yunnan altiplano.

A Study on Agricultural Technology of Water Harvesting and Water-saving Irrigation in Semi-arid and Semi-humid Climatic Regions

DENG Zhen-yong1, ZHANG Yi2, HAO Zhi-yi2(1 Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, Lanzhou 730020, China;2 Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province)

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Based on research on the agricultural technology of the water harvesting and the watersaving irrigation in the semiarid and semihumid climatic regions, a set of agricultural technologies was put forward The benefits of these technologies were evaluated. The application of these technologies was of universal significance in the regions with annual precipitation of 300～800mm, whereas the more significant benefits could obtain in the regions with annual precipitation of 400～700mm.

Contrast Analysis of Climatic Index for Frost Disaster in the Region of Delingha, Qinghai Province

FU Yang1, LI Feng-xia1,ZHANG Guo-sheng2(1Institute of Meteorological Science of Qinghai Province, Xining810001, China;2 Meteorological Bureau of Qinghai Province)

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The relationship between frequency of the low temperature of frost disaster and early frost injury or late frost injury was studied. The integrated frost indexes adapting to local climate characteristics during growth periods of main field crops were determined by contrast analysis. The results offered a theory foundation for the frost forecast in this region

Cool Soil Effect of Film-covering on Cotton,Maize and Soybean Fields

WANG You-ning,WANG Rong-tang,DONG Xiu-rong(Department of Agronomy, Hubei Agricural College, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025,China)

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The experiment was conducted in two different planting patterns (film-covering and non film-covering)with E-15 cotton.West-3 maize,E-4 soybean during 1999～2001. The result showed that film-covering could obviously increase crop yield because it can rise soil temperature in earlier growing stage, but cool down the temperature in blooming stage, and keep soil humidity. The conclusion will provide agro-meteorolgoical basis for popularizing farther crop cultivation with film-covering.

Studies on Water Consumption of Alfalfa and Characteristics of Soil Moisture in Semi-arid Areas of Middle Gansu Province

YANG Qi-guo 1, ZHANG Xu-dong 2, YANG Xing-guo 1 (1. Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020, China; 2. Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory)

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Based on the data of actual evapotranspiration (ET) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) observed by the lysimeter during 2000～2002 and data of soil moisture in Dingxi region, the middle Gansu Province. The evapotranspiration of alfalfa and characteristics of soil moisture were studied. The results showed that the total evapotranspiration of alfalfa during the whole growth stage reached at 382.9 mm. The daily evapotranspiration increased as the precipitation increased. The daily variation of ET was periodical sinusoid. The annual variation of soil moisture was divided into three stages: loss stage in the spring, alternative variation stage in the summer, storage stage in the autumn. The vertical variation of soil moisture was divided into three layers: levity variation layer (0～30cm), laggard variation layer (30～100cm) and stable variation layer (100～200cm).

studies on time-space variation regularity of air humidity inside the plastic greenhouse in south china

Liang Cheng fu 1,Chen Zheng fa 1,Li Wen xiang 1,Liu Ming yue 2,Xu long tie 3, Huang guang rong 3,Pan qi chun 3 (1 Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha 410125 China; 2 College of Horticulture and landscape Architecture, Hunan Agricultural Vniversity)

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Based on the observation of air humidity inside the plastic greenhouse locates at Hezhou modern agricultural science and technology demonstration garden of Guangxi automatic region, south china, the time-space variation including day-period and long-period of relative humidity and absolute humidity was probed .The results indicated that :the first, obvious changes of relative humidity were found from 8:00 to 19:00 on the sunshine and the cloudy sky inside the plastic greenhouse ,taking on single vale curve, but no obvious changes of relative humidity were found in the rain, high numerical value was maintained all day long; the daily variation curve of absolute humidity took on double peak shape on the sunshine, but single peak shape on the cloudy sky and in the rain ,and the peak value was emerged at 10:00-14:00,9:00-18:00,8:00-18:00 respectively. The second, no obvious difference of monthly mean relative humidity among superstratum, middle-level and substory of the plastic greenhouse was found in the same and different months of the same moment; but obvious difference of monthly mean relative humidity of the same stratum at different moments of the same month; obvious difference of monthly mean absolute humidity of the same stratum was found in different months of the same moment, taking on rising trend gradually from December to March.

A Preliminary Study on Causes of Low Rate of Floral Initiation of Longan and Litchi in Guangxi Province

ZHONG Si-qiang (Vocational Education College of Guangxi, Nanning 530226,China)

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Based on the data of investigation in 1996 involving strong advection year, the cold damage indices for flower buds of Longan and Litchi in Guangxi Autonimous Region were determined. If the harmful accumulative cold (<12℃) during January to March reached at 90℃ and the strongest harmful accumulative cold at one time was above 45℃, the flower bud would be damaged, the rate of floral initiation and the yields would decline. According to the data of frequency of cold damage occurred in the main production areas during 1961-2001, the highest frequency of cold damage appeared in Liuzhou and Hechi, with 71% and 63% respectively; and the lowest in Baise, with 12%. The cold damage frequencies varied in Qinzhou, Nanning, Yulin and Wuzhou between 20% and 46%. It had concluded that the cold damage was the main reason for the low rate of floral initiation of Longan and Litchi in Guangxi, and the more rainy days and rainfall were the secondary reasons.

Drought Analysis of Watershed Region Between Changjiang River and Huaihe River

YANG Shu-yun, MA Cheng-ze, YUAN Dong-hai (Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China )

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According to the analysis of meteorological and hydrographic data, the main climatic characteristics of the watershed region between the Changjiang River and Huaihe River were studied. This region was divided into three kinds of climatic regions, the western, the middle and the eastern part. The western part is a humid region with a stable climate due to the influence of the Dabieshan Mountain. The middle part is dry and stable affected by the Chaohu Lake. The eastern part where climate changes complicatedly is the region with the basic climate type of the watershed region, while the climate types in the western and the middle part are the variations of the basic climate type.

The Effect of Reduction of Ultraviolet-B Irradiance on the Content of Flavonoid in Leaves of wheat

HE Du-liang,WANG Chuan-hai,HE Yu-hong, JIA Yu-qiang, ZHENG You-fei, YUE Yi (Department of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Institute ofMeteorology, Nanjing 210044, China)

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The effect of Reduction of ultraviolet-B irradiance on the content of flavonoid in the leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) was investigated. The results showed that the flavonoid content in leaves of wheat decreased significantly by reducing the radiation intensity of ultraviolet-B near the earth's surface. The most sensitive phrases were from jointing to spike formation stage. The flavonoid content in upper leaves was higher than that in the middle and lower leaves. The flavonoid content of the bottom leaves was higher significantly than that of the top and middle leaves. The chlorophyll content in leaves of wheat increased significantly, as the radiation intensity of UV B near the earth's surface was reduced.

Realization of High and Stable Yield of Olive by Using Climatic Resources in the Mountain Areas of Maoming

ZHANG Jin-mei, YE chang-ru, HE bing, LING Han-qiang, ZHENG Zi-ping (Meteorological Bureau of Maoming City, Maoming 525000,China)

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According to the analysis of the meteorological conditions lead to the bumper harvest and lean year of olive in the recent years in Maoming City, Guangdong Province, the distribution characteristics of climate resources in the mountain areas and the suitable meteorological conditions for the growth of olive in the different growing stages were studied The techniques for promoting the production of olive was put forward in order to develop the fruit production and economics of the mountain areas in Maoming.

Relationship between Meteorological Conditions and Occurrence of Cotton Aphid in Cotton Field in the Southern and Eastern Xinjiang

LI Ying-chun(Centre of Environment and Meteorology of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830002, China)

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Based on data of systematic observation and field investigation, the occurrence of cotton aphid in both chemical and nonchemical controlled cotton fields was analyzed in the different ecological regions of Southern and Eastern Xinjiang Autonomous Region. A meteorological forecast model for predicting the beginning of cotton aphid appearance in cotton field was established.

Function Analysis of the Agro-meteorological Intelligent Decision Information System and Studies on the Information Integrating Methodology

HUANG Chuan-kun1, ZHAO Mei-zhu1, XIAO Zi-niu1, YANG Xiao-yuan2 (1. Institute of Meteorological Science of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, China; 2. College of Management and Economics, University ofScience and Engineering of Kunming)

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Based on the analysis of the characteristics of agricultural system, function needs of the agro-meteorological information system were analyzed. The technology of the "6S" (ES,DSS,MIS,GPS,GIS,RS ) to integrate information of agro-meteorological system was studied. The model frame of the agro-meteorological information integrating under internet was established.

Influence of Temperature Conditions of Float System on Quality of Flue-cured Tabacco Seedlings

PAN Wen-jie,JIANG Chao-ying, LI Ji-xin (Guizhou Tobacco Institute,Guiyang 55000,China)

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The temperature of the float system depended mainly on air temperature of the atmosphere outside the plastic shed, while the earth temperature had less influence on it. The evidence was that inside the plastic shed the air temperature, water temperature and surface temperature under plastic film were lower than that outside plastic shed. The surface temperature of seedbed in the float system and the velocity of the temperature increasing were higher and faster than that in the conventional seedbed, especially in the late seedling stage. The growth of the flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seedlings in the float system was slower in the early seedling stage, whereas the growth of the seedlings accelerated obviously in the late seedling stage. Therefore, the quality of the flue-cured tobacco seedlings in the float system was eventually better than that in the conventional seedbed.

Impact of Meteorological Condition on Stripe Rust of Winter Wheat in Gansu Province

Zhang Xu-dong, Yin Dong, Wan Xin, FU Zhao(Lanzhou Center Meteorological observatory, Lanzhou 730020,China)

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The stripe rust is one of the most principal disaster for crops in East of Gansu Province, where is the main region of planting winter wheat. The impacts of the local climatic conditions on the eruption and expansion of the rust are analyzed by using the integral regression method. The results show that the impact of temperature is negative in middle and north region, while positive in south region. The impacts of precipitation and relative humidity are obviously, and their effects are more than temperature. Generally, the climatic conditions are in favor of eruption and development of the stripe rust in East of Gansu Province.

A Study of Influence of CO_2 Fertilizer Application on Growth and Development of Cucumber in Greenhouse

MA Peng-li1, YANG Xiaoli2, LI Xiaojuan2(1. Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020, China;2. Meteorological Bureau of Pinliang)

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We used the CO2 fertilizer bottled with industrial tail gas during the growing period of cucumber in greenhouse to examine its effectiveness on growth and development of cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linn.). The results showed that the best efficiency for application of the CO2 fertilizer was obtained from beginning of bearing to the end of full fruit period. The yield of cucumber during these periods had been increased by 28.9% and 27.1% respectively, comparing to CK. Because of CO2 fertilizer application, the photosynthesis of the plants had been strengthened and plants had grown healthier. The disease resistance of the plants had been reinforced obviously. Therefore, the cost of pest control had been decreased and the pollution of using pesticide had also been avoided. This measure is of practical significance for reducing greenhouse gas emission.

Prediction of Damage Level of Scab of Wheat in Shanghai

WU Chun-yan1,LI Jun2,YAO Ke-min3(1. Meteorological Bureau of Beijing, Beijing 100089, China; 2. Institute of Meteorological Science of Shanghai; 3. Nanjing Institute of Meteorology)

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By using the data of upper level circulation, sea surface temperature and surface meteorological elements, both short and longterm forecast models for the damage level of scab of wheat in Shanghai were built. These models are of importance for preventing and eliminating scab of wheat.

Analysis of Seasonal Drought Applying Z-index Method in South China

HUANG Dao-you, PENG Ting-bo, WANG Ke-lin, CHEN Gui-qiu(Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China)

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The Zindex method was applied to judge the drought grades of 27 moderate or upward droughts determined by the "soilplant" system method during 1960～2001 in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province Comparison results of two methods showed that the indices calculated by two methods were relative, but different from each other The ratio of consistency between both methods was 296%, basic consistency of 445% and wrong of 259% In which the droughts of "consistency" happened in 1960s, "basic consistency" in 1970s or 1980s, "wrong" in 1990s The consistency of the calculated results by two methods was high for summer droughts, moderate for autumn droughts and low for winter droughts The better consistency was obtained in calculating heavy drought By comparing drought frequency using two methods, it concluded that the heavy droughts occurred every 3 years by "soilplant" system method and every 7 years by Zindex method, while for moderate drought the frequency was 19 years by "soilplant" system method and 21 years by Zindex method

Relationship between Growth and Development of Maize and Meteorological Conditions in Yunnan Province

DUAN Chang-chun1, ZHU Yong2(1. Institute of Meteorological Science of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, China; 2. Agro-meteorological Centre of Yunnan Province)

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The field experiments on maize date of planting in the different seasons were conducted from 1996 to 1997 to determine the relationship between growth and development of maize and the climate conditions in the different seasons. The results showed that the dry matter in the different growing periods of maize and in the different seasons increased significantly as the sunshine duration and LAI increased. The proportion of seed dry matter was positive relative with the accumulated temperature(≥10℃)during the filling stage. The yield of maize planted in the spring depended on the photosynthetic products during the filling stage, while the yield of maize planted in other seasons was limited by bad stored conditions and transport. The filling stage should be arranged in the time of the best light and heat conditions in order to get high yield.

Pattern and Cause of Current Climate Change in China and Prediction of Climate Scenarios

LI Hai-tao1,YU Gui-rui,YUAN Jia-zu2(1Institute of Geography Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academyof Sciences, Beijing100101,China; 2Beijing Forestry University)

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The annual mean air temperature in China had increased about 068℃ since 1950's due to the contemporary climate changes, such as the sunspot cycles, the movement of the earth and celestial bodies, movement of earth's crust, greenhouse effects, cooling effects of aerosol, the change of global circulation, the change of seawater temperature, monsoon of winter and summer, deforestation, etc. The minimum air temperature in Northern China had increased 024℃. The annual precipitation all over the country was declined by 232mm. The amount of declined precipitation was more in North China than in South China. The simulated results show that the current warm period would last until 2015. The climate would turn into cold period from 2016, and be back to warm period in 2039. In 2020, the whole air temperature in China would increase by 1.68℃. The air temperature in the North-Eastern China would increase by 22℃. The annual precipitation in South China would increase by 28mm, and there would be no change in North China. In 2030, the sea level would elevate 5.3～14.2cm, and the climate would become drier.