中国农业气象 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (02): 112-122.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2021.02.003

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

江西省双季早稻直播适宜播种期的区域划分

段里成,张坤,郭瑞鸽,蔡哲,汪建军,刘丹   

  1. 1.江西省农业气象中心,南昌 330096;2.江西省气象科学研究所,南昌 330096
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-23 出版日期:2021-02-20 发布日期:2021-02-19
  • 通讯作者: 郭瑞鸽,副高级工程师,从事农业气候资源利用及气象灾害研究,E-mail:65736370@qq.com E-mail:65736370@qq.com
  • 作者简介:段里成,E-mail:18070514389@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41965008);气候变化专项项目(CCSF201840);2020年度国内外作物产量气象预报专项项目(20200202);江西省气象局重点项目(20160523)

Regional Division of Suitable Direct Sowing Date of Double Season Early Rice in Jiangxi Province

DUAN Li-cheng, ZHANG Kun, GUO Rui-ge, CAI Zhe, WANG Jian-jun, LIU Dan   

  1. 1.Jiangxi Agricultural Meteorology Center, Nanchang 330096, China; 2.Meteorological Science Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330096
  • Received:2020-08-23 Online:2021-02-20 Published:2021-02-19

摘要: 以江西省3个主栽常规早籼稻品种为材料,于2017−2018年在南昌县进行9个播期的水稻分期播种试验,各播期分别为3月6日(B1)、11日(B2)、16日(B3)、21日(B4)、26日(B5)和31日(B6),以及4月5日(B7)、10日(B8)和15日(B9),研究播期对直播早稻产量、成苗率和生育期的影响,并分析近59a(1961−2019年)内江西地区早稻安全直播初日的时空变化规律。结果表明,随着播期推迟,直播早稻全生育期缩短,B9处理较B1缩短21~25d。播期对直播早稻成苗率、有效穗数、穗粒数及千粒重有明显影响,本试验条件下,成苗率达50%及以上时,能获得足够基本苗和有效穗数,确保较高的产量。确保50%及以上成苗率前提下,试验水稻品种安全直播初始温度为11.64℃。此温度下,近59a内80%保证率下江西早稻安全直播初日呈提前趋势,但赣北、赣中、赣南3个区域的变化有所不同,近9a(2011−2019年)稳定通过11.64℃初日最早,其中赣北为3月29日,赣中为3月28日,赣南为3月21日。

关键词: 播期, 直播早稻, 产量, 适宜播种期, 区域划分

Abstract: Jiangxi, as one of the largest double rice cropping area in China, affected by the shortage of rural labor force and the increase of labor cost, the planting mode of direct sowing early rice changed from transplanting to direct seeding. In spring, the climate conditions were complex and the temperature fluctuation was large, which was unfavorable to the direct sowing early rice seeding. At present, the sowing date of direct seeding early rice was uncertain, and the phenomenon of blind direct seeding was common, which was unfavorable to the stable yield and high yield of direct sowing early rice. To reveal the impacts of sowing date on yield, seedling rate, and phenological stage of direct sowing early rice, an experiment with nine sowing dates was conducted at Nanchang country in Jiangxi province in 2017−2018, in which the rice variety of Zhongjiazao17 and Zhongzao35 and Zhongzao39 were used. The nine sowing dates were March 6(denoted as B1), March 11(denoted as B2), March 16(denoted as B3), March 21(denoted as B4), March 26(denoted as B5), March 31(denoted as B6), April 5(denoted as B7), April 10(denoted as B8), and April 15(denoted as B9). The temporal and spatial variation of the earliest safely direct sowing date were analyzed in Jiangxi in past 59 years(1961−2019). The results showed that, the whole phenological stage of B9 was shortened by 21−25 days compared with B1 as the sowing date was delayed. The effect of sowing date on seedling rate, effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, and 1000−grain weight of direct sowing early rice was significant. And when the seedling rate reached 50% or above, sufficient basic seedlings and effective panicle number could be expected to ensure a high yield, under the conditions of this experiment. The safely direct sowing initial temperature was 11.64℃ for the testing varieties, to obtain a seedling rate of 50% or above. For this temperature threshold index, the safely direct sowing date of early rice was well in advance in Jiangxi in past 59 years, and the earliest date was on March 29 in northern Jiangxi, March 28 in central Jiangxi and March 21 in southern Jiangxi in 2011−2019. The safely direct sowing date under 80% guarantee rate were estimated by each meteorological stations, which could be referred in production arrangement in the regions nearby.

Key words: Sowing date, Direct sowing early rice, Yield, Suitable sowing date, Regional division