中国农业气象 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (07): 561-571.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2021.07.003

• 农业生态环境栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机资源等氮替代化肥对免耕稻田N2O排放及水稻产量的影响

魏宗辉,胡钧铭,刘顺翱,李婷婷,张俊辉,俞月凤,李诗,韦翔华   

  1. 1.广西大学农学院,南宁 530004;2.广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南宁 530007
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-27 出版日期:2021-07-20 发布日期:2021-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 胡钧铭,研究员,研究方向为农业有机资源利用与生境调控及逆境生理,E-mail:jmhu06@126.com;韦翔华,副教授,研究方向为土壤环境生态,E-mail:xhwfd@gxu.edu.com
  • 作者简介:魏宗辉,E-mail: 976539297@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41661074);广西“新世纪十百千人才工程”专项资金(2018221);广西创新驱动重大专项(桂科AA17204078-2);广西农业科学院创新团队项目(桂农科2021YT040)

Effects of Equal Nitrogen Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer Organic Resources on N2O Emissions and Rice Yield in No-tillage Field

WEI Zong-hui,HU Jun-ming, LIU Shun-ao, LI Ting-ting, ZHANG Jun-hui, YU Yue-feng, LI Shi ,WEI Xiang-hua   

  1. 1. Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China;2. Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007
  • Received:2020-11-27 Online:2021-07-20 Published:2021-07-19

摘要: 试验设置两种稻田免耕模式[常规免耕(C)、粉垄免耕(F)],两种免耕模式下各设置四种施肥方式,绿肥与化肥配施(C3、F3)、蚕沙与化肥配施(C4、F4),同步设置不施肥的空白对照(C1、F1),施全量化肥的常规对照(C2、F2)处理,采用分离式静态箱−气象色谱法测定双稻季水稻生育期内稻田N2O排放通量,并测定水稻收获期干物质量、产量和根冠比等,以探讨集约化稻作下有机氮替代化学氮对稻田N2O排放及水稻产量的影响,为稻田有机资源与化肥配施提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)有机资源替代化学氮肥能够显著降低稻田N2O累计排放量。C3、C4、F3、F4的N2O累计排放量较C2、F2在早稻季分别降低69.1%、86.3%、69.9%和63.4%,晚稻季分别降低7.3%、67.2%、38.5%和60.4%;(2)免耕稻田下绿肥替代化肥利于水稻稳产。粉垄免耕下F3较F2产量提升0.6%~10.0%,F4较F2产量下降1.7%~6.6%;常规免耕下C3较C2产量降低1%~1.1%,C4较C2产量下降1.1%~8.4%。(3)有机资源等氮替代化肥影响水稻根系生长,显著提高植株干物质量、有效穗数和穗粒数。早、晚稻生长季C3、F3的植株干物质量较C2、F2分别提高22.6%和5.4%;有效穗数和穗粒数分别提高6.3%~13.5%和0.3%~6.2%。稻田免耕下两种有机资源替代化学氮肥均能有效降低N2O排放,粉垄免耕下绿肥替代化学氮肥显著提高水稻干物质量及根系活力,能够维持水稻产量稳定并减少稻田N2O排放,采用绿肥等氮替代化肥可作为一种集约化稻作可持续生产调控技术。

关键词: 集约化稻作, 保护性耕作, 等氮替代, N2O排放, 水稻产量

Abstract: It was set up conventional no-tillage and smash ridging no-tillage in this experiment.In conventional no-tillage rice field was set green manure combined application chemical fertilizer(C3) and silkworm-excrement organic fertilizer combined application chemical fertilizer(C4), synchronously set blank contrast(C1)and conventional contrast of total fertilization(C2). And smash ridging no-tillage was set green manure combined application chemical fertilizer(F3) and silkworm-excrement organic fertilizer combined application chemical fertilizer(F4), synchronously set blank contrast(F1)and conventional contrast of total fertilization(F2). The results showed that: (1)in this experiment,organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer significantly reduced the cumulative N2O emission.The cumulative N2O emission of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer(C3,C4,F3,F4) compared with fertilizer contrast(C2) respectively decreased 69.1%, 86.3%, 69.9% and 63.4% in early rice season,and decreased 7.3%, 67.2%, 38.5% and 60.4% in the late rice season. (2)Green manure combined with chemical fertilizer applied to rice field can keep rice yield stable in Smash ridging no-tillage. In Smash ridging no-tillage,the yield of F3 compared with F2 increased by 0.6%−10.0%,and the yield of F4 compared with F2 decreased by 1.7%−6.6%. In conventional no-tillage, the yield of C3 and C4 compared with C2 decreased by 1.0%−1.1% and 1.1%−8.4%.(3)Organic fertilizers combine with chemical fertilizers applied to rice fields can affect the growth of rice roots,it significantly improve the dry-matter of plant and the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle. The dry-matter of plant accumulation of F3 and C3 compared with F2 and C2, it increased 22.6% and 5.4% in the early and late rice season. The number of effective panicles and grains per panicle was increasing by 6.3%−13.5% and 0.3%−6.2% in this experiment. In no-tillage rice field use of organic resources instead of chemical fertilizers into the rice fields can effectively reduce N2O emission. Green manure combined with chemical fertilizer applied to rice field can improved root quality of rice,increase rice dry matter ,and it can reduced N2O emission while kept the rice yield. It can be used as a sustainable production regulation technology for intensive rice farming.

Key words: Intensive rice farming, Conservation tillage, Equal nitrogen replacement, N2O emissions, Rice yield