中国农业气象 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (09): 715-728.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2021.09.001

• 农业生物气象栏目 •    下一篇

大气CO2浓度升高和氮肥互作对玉米花后功能叶碳氮同化物的影响

李明,李迎春,韩雪,牛晓光,马芬,魏娜,何雨桐,郭李萍   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农业环境重点实验室,北京 100081;2.沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳 110161
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-05 出版日期:2021-09-20 发布日期:2021-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 郭李萍,研究员,主要研究方向为作物与环境交互作用,E-mail:GuoLiping@caas.cn E-mail:GuoLiping@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:李明,E-mail:liming3633@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0300301)

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration and Nitrogen Application on Mass Fractions of Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilates in Functional Leaves of Maize after Flowering

LI Ming,LI Ying-chun,HAN Xue,NIU Xiao-guang,MA Fen,WEI Na,HE Yu-tong,GUO Li-ping   

  1. 1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China;2. College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161
  • Received:2021-01-05 Online:2021-09-20 Published:2021-09-11

摘要: 在常规大气CO2浓度(aCO2,400±15μmol·mol−1)和高CO2浓度(eCO2,550±20μmol·mol−1)下分别设置无氮(ZN)和施氮(CN,180kg N·hm−2)2个氮水平的交互处理,以夏玉米品种郑单958为供试材料开展田间试验,测定花后功能叶碳同化物(可溶性糖和淀粉、总碳)动态和氮吸收及同化物组分(硝态氮、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白、非溶性氮化合物细胞壁氮素和类囊体氮素、总氮)动态以及碳氮比动态的变化及玉米产量,以探究CO2浓度升高和氮肥交互作用下,以玉米为代表的C4作物花后功能叶不同组分碳氮同化物质量分数及动态和产量的变化,以期为全球气候变化下玉米生理过程的变化提供理论支撑,同时为玉米作物模型调参提供实证数据。结果表明:(1)本试验条件下,大气CO2浓度升高对夏玉米生物量及产量的作用不显著。(2)eCO2下夏玉米花后功能叶主要碳同化产物(可溶性糖和淀粉)和总碳的质量分数显著(P<0.05)增加,功能叶中氮同化物中简单组分(硝态氮、游离氨基酸及可溶性蛋白)质量分数和碳氮比、地上部生物量、产量也有一定增加,但未达显著水平;而氮同化物中的结构氮组分(如细胞壁氮和类囊体氮)质量分数显著降低,总氮也有一定降低趋势,显示出后期结构氮组分合成有一定不足。(3)氮肥施用显著增加了花后功能叶碳同化物(如可溶性糖和大部分时期淀粉)及各种氮同化物的质量分数和生物量及产量,对总碳的增加作用不显著。(4)eCO2下合理施用氮肥,会使地上部生物量、产量、功能叶中简单碳同化物可溶性糖、简单氮同化物指标(硝态氮、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白)和总碳质量分数达到较优。因此,在未来大气CO2浓度升高为特征之一的气候变化背景下,氮素合成的生理调控管理对促进碳氮代谢及玉米高产优质有积极作用。

关键词: 玉米, 大气CO2浓度升高, 氮肥, 碳氮代谢

Abstract: In order to provide the theoretical support for the change of maize physiological processes under global climate change based on the experimental data and provide the evidence for parameter adjustment for crop models, the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) and its interaction with nitrogen application on the dynamic of concentrations of carbon and nitrogen assimilates and the yield of maize, one of the C4 crops, were studied based on the free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system. The summer maize variety ZHENGDAN 958 was planted to conduct the field experiments. Four treatments were set under two atmospheric CO2 concentrations, ambient CO2 concentration (aCO2, 400μmol·mol−1) and elevated CO2 concentration(eCO2, 550μmol·mol−1) at two nitrogen levels including zero nitrogen (ZN) and conventional nitrogen (CN, 180 kg N·ha−1) The maize yield and some other physiological parameters were measured including the concentration and dynamic of carbon assimilates (ie. soluble sugar, starch and total carbon), nitrogen assimilates (ie. nitrate, free amino acid, soluble protein, insoluble nitrogen compounds including cell wall-N and thylakoid-N, and total nitrogen), and C/N ratio since flowering of summer maize in the functional leaves. Results showed that: (1) The above-ground biomass and yield of summer maize did not show significant increase under eCO2 possibly due to unexpected disturbance from insect pests at this study. (2) Under eCO2, the concentration of carbon assimilates, including soluble sugar and starch, showed significantly (P<0.05) increase in the functional leaves after flowering. For the nitrogen assimilates, the concentration of some assimilates with simple components, including nitrate, free amino acids, soluble protein, as well as total N and C/N ratio showed increase to some extent (P>0.05); while the concentration of structural N components, including thylakoid-N and cell wall-N, were decreased significantly at later period after flowing, implying the synthesis of structural N components were impacted under eCO2. (3) Under N application, both the carbon assimilates (ie. soluble sugar and starch at most stages) and major nitrogen assimilates were increased significantly in the functional leaves after flowering, as well as the biomass and yield of summer maize. While the concentration of total C did not show significant change in the functional leaves. (4) N application under eCO2 could promote the concentration of simple fractions of carbon assimilate (ie. soluble sugar and starch at most stages) and initial nitrogen assimilates (ie. Nitrate, free amino acids and soluble protein) in the functional leaves of maize, as well as total C, above-ground biomass and yield. Therefore, under the future climate change characterized by increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, appropriate N management and regulation in physiological processes would be helpful in promoting the carbon and nitrogen assimilation and beneficial to the high yield and good quality of maize.

Key words: Maize(Zea mays L.), Elevated atmospheric CO2, Nitrogen fertilizer, Carbon and nitrogen metabolism