中国农业气象 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (04): 276-284.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2022.04.003

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

北方冬小麦越冬前后生物量消长规律

谭凯炎,张心如,耿金剑,崔兆韵   

  1. 1. 中国气象科学研究院,北京 100081;2. 河北衡水农业气象试验站,衡水 053900;3. 山东泰安农业气象试验站,泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-03 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2022-04-18
  • 作者简介:谭凯炎,研究员,研究方向为农业气象、气候变化对农业影响,E-mail: tanky@cma.gov.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“冬小麦越冬绿叶面积和地上生物量消长规律及其模式研究”(31971774)

Study on the Growth and Decline of Aboveground Biomass of Winter Wheat in North China Prior and Post Overwintering

TAN Kai-yan, ZHANG Xin-ru, GENG Jing-jian, CUI Zhao-yun   

  1. 1. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081,China;2. Hebei Hengshui Agrometeorological Experimental Station, Hengshui 053900; 3. Shandong Taian Agrometeorological Experimental Station, Tai′an 271000
  • Received:2021-08-03 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2022-04-18

摘要: 华北冬小麦生育期中通常有一个越冬休眠枯萎过程,现有国外作物模型未考虑冬小麦越冬过程生物量损耗及其影响。为了探索冬小麦越冬过程生物量模拟的修订方法,通过大田调查观测和田间处理试验研究了华北冬小麦越冬枯萎的变化规律和冬前苗情长势对冬后生长速率的影响。越冬期冬小麦枯萎大田调查观测涵盖了河北、河南、山东及天津等华北冬小麦主产区15个县;田间处理试验分别在河北固城试验基地和衡水试验站进行,采用分期播种和控制底肥以形成不同冬前苗情长势。结果表明,北方冬小麦越冬期地上部枯萎程度与越冬期气象条件密切相关,在试验年份,调查区域内冬小麦返青前地上生物量枯萎率随越冬期极端最低气温下降而直线增加,极端最低气温解释了地上生物量枯萎率86%的原因;在越冬期小麦叶片部分或完全枯萎情况下,冬小麦冬前长势仍显著影响着冬后生长速率,小麦返青-抽穗期平均生长速率随冬前地上生物量的变化服从抛物线函数关系。因此,根据越冬期气象条件可以反演出返青期地上生物量初始值,同时,利用冬前小麦苗情长势修订冬后生物量的模拟是必要和可行的。

关键词: 冬小麦, 越冬, 枯萎, 冻害, 作物模型

Abstract: There is a long overwintering process in winter wheat growth period in Northern China, when aboveground biomass of wheat usually wilts partially or completely, that was a lack of consideration in crop growth models such as WOFOST and CERES-Wheat. In order to explore a revision method of biomass simulation during overwintering process of winter wheat, an extensive field investigation was conducted in 15 counties in the main winter wheat producing provinces of China, such as Hebei, Henan, Shandong and Tianjin, to observe spatial variation of wheat withering degree during winter. Meanwhile field experiments by means of divided sowing date and controlling base fertilizer were carried out in Gucheng and Hengshui agrometeorological experimental stations located in Baoding city and Hengshui city of Hebei province respectively, the impact of seedling growth state before winter on the post winter growth rate was investigated. The results showed that the aboveground biomass wilt degrees of winter wheat in Northern China were closely related to the meteorological conditions during the overwintering period. The withering rate of aboveground biomass by turning green increased linearly with decline of extreme minimum temperature over the overwintering period. The extreme minimum temperature could explain 86% of causes of aboveground biomass withering in the experimental years and regions. Under partial or complete withering of wheat leaves during the overwintering period, the seedling growth level of winter wheat before winter significantly affected post winter growth rate. The average growth rate of wheat from turning green to heading followed a parabolic function with the change of aboveground biomass per unit area before winter. Therefore, the initial value of aboveground biomass at the beginning of turning green needed in the crop models can be estimated according to the meteorological conditions in the overwintering period. At the same time, it is necessary and feasible to use the seedling growth of winter wheat before winter to correct the simulation of post winter biomass.

Key words: Winter wheat, Overwintering, withering, Frost damage, Crop model