吉林春大豆生育期变化及其对气候变暖的响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.11.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于1981−2014年吉林省4个代表站大豆生育期观测资料和同期气象观测资料，运用数理统计方法，分析大豆关键生育期的时间变化趋势及其与气候变暖的关系，并建立当地大豆生长发育速率对气温变化的响应模型。结果表明：大豆生长发育时空变化明显，平均而言，大豆播种和成熟日期分别为5月4日和9月24日，全生育期143d，需≥10℃活动积温2640.8℃?d，吉林省东部地区大豆主要发育期偏晚，生育期内平均气温与活动积温均偏低。吉林大豆主产区在20世纪90年代气温出现突变，大豆生长季气温明显升高（P＜0.01），5−9月气温平均增长速率为0.34℃•10a⁻¹，大豆出苗−成熟期气温平均增长速率为0.43℃•10a⁻¹。34a间，大豆播种期、出苗期和三叶期显著推迟（P＜0.05），成熟期无明显变化，营养生长期对气候变暖的响应更为显著，大豆生育期逐渐缩短（P＜0.01）。大豆生长发育速率与平均气温均呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01），随着气候变暖，大豆生长速度加快，总体上，全生育期内平均气温每升高1℃，大豆生长发育速率增加2.8%，生育期缩短约5.4d。

关键词: 春大豆, 生长速率, 气候变暖, 吉林省

Abstract:

Based on the soybean growth stages and climate data in 4 representative stations from 1981 to 2014 in Jilin Province, the change trends of main soybean growth stages and its relationship with climate warming were analyzed, the influence pattern of temperature on soybean growth rate was established. The results showed that the temporal and spatial variation of soybean growth in Jilin Province was obvious, the average sowing date of soybean was May 4, and the maturing date was September 24, the whole growth season of soybean was 143 days and the active accumulated temperature was 2640.8℃?d. The growth season of soybean delayed in eastern region of Jilin Province, the mean temperature and active accumulated temperature were both lower. The abrupt change of the mean temperature appeared in the 1990s in soybean production area of Jilin Province, the mean temperature during main growth season of soybean fluctuated at upward trend significantly (P＜0.01), the mean temperature from May to September increased by 0.34℃•10y⁻¹, and the mean temperature from seedling emergence to maturity increased by 0.43℃•10y⁻¹. In the latest 34 years, the date of soybean sowing, emergence and third leaf was delayed significantly (P＜0.05), but there was no significant change for soybean maturity date. The vegetative growth phase of soybean showed a more significant response to climate warming. The whole growth season decreased gradually (P＜0.01). The soybean growth rate was positively correlated with mean temperature significantly (P＜0.01), the soybean growth was accelerated with climate warming. During the whole growth season of spring soybean, if the mean temperature rose by 1℃, the soybean growth rate increased by 2.8%, and growth season decreased approximately 5.4 days.

Key words: Spring soybean, Growth rate, Climate warming, Jilin Province

邱译萱，马树庆，李秀芬. 吉林春大豆生育期变化及其对气候变暖的响应[J]. 中国农业气象, 2018, 39(11): 715-724.

QIU Yi-xuan, MA Shu-qing, LI Xiu-fen. Changes of Growth Stage for Spring Soybean in Jilin Province and Its Response to Climate Warming[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(11): 715-724.

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