中国农业气象 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (01): 50-60.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2022.01.005

• 农业气象灾害 栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

吉林水稻关键生育期延迟型/障碍型冷害时空变化

姚嫚,张琪,杨再强,韩佳昊,刘馨   

  1. 1. 南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京 210044;2. 南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京 210044;3. 河北省饶阳县气象局,饶阳 053900
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-15 出版日期:2022-01-20 发布日期:2022-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 张琪,副教授,研究方向为农业气象灾害风险评估,E-mail:zhangq861206@126.com E-mail:zhangq861206@126.com
  • 作者简介:姚嫚,E-mail:945800685@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFC1510205);国家自然科学基金项目(41977410)

Spatial-temporal Variation of Delayed/Sterile-type Chilling Injury in Major Growth Periods of rice in Jilin Province

YAO Man, ZHANG Qi, YANG Zai-qiang, HAN Jia-hao, LIU Xin   

  1. 1. College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing 210044; 3. Raoyang County Meteorological Bureau, Raoyang Hebei 053900
  • Received:2021-05-15 Online:2022-01-20 Published:2022-01-15

摘要: 利用吉林省10个农业气象观测站1981−2019年日平均气温、水稻发育日期及产量、历史灾情等数据,识别水稻关键生育期延迟型/障碍型冷害两种类型冷害事件,并对关键生育期不同类型冷害的致灾强度和时空变化进行分析。结果表明:(1)全球变暖背景下吉林省各测站水稻发育期变化显著,其中移栽日期以提前为主,成熟日期以推迟为主,80%的站点移栽−成熟期间隔天数的气候倾向率为正值,且一半站点增加趋势通过了0.05水平显著性检验。(2)延迟型冷害发生次数在不同年代呈明显减少趋势,主要与移栽−抽穗期温度条件的改善有关;移栽−抽穗期延迟型冷害致灾强度更大。(3)障碍型冷害发生次数在不同年代之间无明显变化趋势,开花期障碍型冷害发生频率明显高于孕穗期,但孕穗期障碍型冷害致灾强度更大。(4)在空间分布上,延迟型冷害在全区发生频率差异不大,仅严重延迟型冷害在东部地区略高;障碍型冷害在吉林省东部区域发生频率明显较其他地区严重。综上,在全球变暖、农民调整水稻移栽日期和品种更换的共同作用下,水稻关键生育期延迟型冷害的发生明显减少,障碍型冷害主要在吉林省的东部时有发生。

关键词: 延迟型冷害, 障碍型冷害, 水稻, 生育期

Abstract: Based on the data of daily average temperature, rice development date, yield and historical disasters from 10 agrometeorological observation stations in Jilin province from 1981 to 2019, two types of chilling injury events of delayed and sterile-type chilling injury in key growth period of rice were identified. The disaster intensity and spatial-temporal changes of different types of chilling injury in key growth period were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) under the background of global warming, there was a significant change trend in the rice development period of each station in Jilin province, in which the transplanting date was mainly in advance and the maturity date was mainly delayed. The climate tendency rate of 80% of the stations interval days during the transplanting maturity period were positive, and the increasing trend of half of the stations passed the significance test at the level of 0.05. (2) The frequency of delayed chilling injury decreased significantly in different years, which was mainly related to the improvement of temperature conditions at transplanting heading period; The disaster intensity of delayed chilling injury at transplanting heading period was greater. (3) The frequency of sterile-type chilling injury in flowering period was significantly higher than that in booting period, but the disaster intensity of sterile-type chilling injury in booting period was greater. (4) In terms of spatial distribution, the occurrence frequency of delayed chilling injury in the whole region was not different, and only the severe delayed chilling injury was slightly higher in the eastern region; The occurrence frequency of sterile-type chilling injury in the eastern region of Jilin province is significantly more serious than that in other regions. In conclusion, under the joint action of global warming, farmers' adjustment of rice transplanting date and variety change, the occurrence of delayed chilling injury in key growth period of rice is significantly reduced, and sterile-type chilling injury mainly occurred in the east of Jilin province.

Key words: Delayed chilling injury, Sterile-type chilling injury, Rice, Growing periods