中国农业气象 ›› 2013, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (06): 642-647.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2013.06.004

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

持续减量施氮对冬小麦土壤硝态氮含量和氮肥利用效率的影响

王成雨,石玉华,井跃博   

  1. 1安徽农业大学农学院,合肥230036;2山东省兖州市农业局,兖州272100;3山东省梁山县环境保护局,梁山272600
  • 收稿日期:2013-05-09 出版日期:2013-12-20 发布日期:2014-05-06
  • 作者简介:王成雨(1977-),山东梁山人,博士,讲师,主要从事作物高产与农业环境研究工作。Email:wangcy523163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31371566);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203033);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD20B02)

Effects of Decreasing Nitrogen Inputs on Nitrate Nitrogen in Soil and Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency

WANG Cheng yu,SHI Yu hua,JING Yue bo   

  1. 1Agronomy College of Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei230036,China;2Yanzhou Agriculture Bureau,Yanzhou272100;3Liangshan Environmental Protection Bureau,Liangshan272600
  • Received:2013-05-09 Online:2013-12-20 Published:2014-05-06

摘要: 连续两个生长季(2008/2009和2009/2010)对小麦(济麦22)进行不施氮T1、减量施氮T2(180kg·hm-2纯氮)和按农民习惯施氮T3(315kg·hm-2纯氮)3种施肥处理,2008/2009年度各处理分别为T11、T21、T31,2009/2010年度为T12、T22、T32。观测小麦旗叶光合速率、产量、土壤硝态氮含量,分析连续处理两个生长季后各处理氮肥利用率REN、氮肥农学效率AEN、氮肥生理效率PEN和氮肥偏生产力PFPN的差异。结果表明,(1)第一生长季T21与T31处理相比,第二生长季T22与T32处理相比,小麦旗叶光合能力和产量均未显著下降,但均显著高于不施氮处理(P<0.05)。(2)持续2a减量施氮处理(T22)后,小麦成熟期0-200cm土层硝态氮含量分别比T32和T21显著下降32.2%和26.7%(P<0.05)。(3)持续2a减量施氮处理T22的REN、AEN、PEN和PFPN均显著高于T32,与第1年减量施氮处理T21相比,T22的REN、AEN和PEN显著升高(P<0.05),但PFPN变化不显著。研究表明连续减氮处理未显著降低小麦开花后旗叶的光合能力和产量,但降低了地下水污染的风险,同时提高了各项氮肥利用效率指标,因而180kg·hm-2纯氮的施氮量可作为小麦持续高产条件下的推荐施肥量。研究结果可为氮肥高效利用和冬小麦栽培的可持续发展提供理论基础。

关键词: 减量施氮, 小麦, 产量, 硝态氮, 氮肥利用效率

Abstract: A two year experiment was conducted to investigate the differences of net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of the flag leaves,wheat yield,nitrate nitrogen(N)in soil and N fertilizer use efficiencies,including apparent recovery efficiency of applied N(REN),agronomic efficiency of applied N(AEN),physiological efficiency of applied N(PEN),partial factor productivity of applied N(PFPN)for winter wheat under three treatments:no N treatment(T1),decreasing N treatment(T2,180kg·ha-1N)and conventional N treatment(T3,315kg·ha-1N)with two different growing seasons,represented by T11,T21and T31 in 2008/2009 and T12,T22 and T32 in 2009/2010,respectively.The results showed that,(1)the differences of the photosynthesis of flag leaves(Pn)and yield of Jimai22 were not significant between T21 and T31,as well as between T22 and T32,which all significant higher than T11 and T12.(2)The content of nitrate N in 0-200cm soil layer under T22 at harvest was significant lower than that under T32 and T21,and the decreased rates were 32.2% and 26.7%,respectively.(3)REN,AEN,PEN and PFPN under T22 were significant higher than those under T32 and higher than REN,AEN and PEN except PFPN under T21 as well.For no reductions of the Pn of flag leaves and yield for Jinmai22,180kg·ha-1 N is a reasonable value for the farmer with decreasing the risk of groundwater pollution and promoting fertilizer N use efficiency compared with the conventional N treatment.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for sustainable development of high nitrogen utilization and winter wheat cultivation.

Key words: Decreasing nitrogen inputs, Wheat, Yield, Nitrate nitrogen, Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency