不同类型海水养殖水体温度日变化谐波分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.09.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用谐波方法对宁波地区2010-2013年代表性海水养殖水体（池塘和养殖海湾）在不同天气情况下（晴、少云、多云、阴）水温的日变化特征进行模拟，探究养殖水体温度的日变化规律。结果显示：（1）池塘和养殖海湾水温日变化的最佳谐波模拟阶数分别为2阶和3阶，2阶（3阶）谐波对池塘（养殖海湾）水温逐小时、日最高和日最低值模拟的绝对误差分别为0.24～0.31℃（0.1～0.15℃）、0.2～0.24℃（0.06～0.1℃）和0.11～0.15℃（0.06～0.08℃）；（2）谐波模拟误差整体呈白天大夜间小，对阴天水温变化趋势的模拟效果较其它天气条件差；（3）池塘水温遵循以24h和12h为周期的日变化规律，其中24h周期比重最高，养殖海湾遵循以12h、24h和6h为周期的日变化规律，其中12h和24h比重较6h高，晴到多云天气条件下12h和24h周期比重相当，阴天24h周期比重明显下降。本研究论证了谐波方法对不同天气条件下池塘和养殖海湾水温日变化特征模拟的可行性，并定量评估了养殖水体日变化的周期特征，可为海水养殖水体温度精细化预报提供参考依据。

关键词: 池塘, 养殖海湾, 水温, 不同天气, 谐波分析

Abstract: The harmonic method was employed to analyze the diurnal variation of different types marine aquaculture water under different weather conditions (sunny, partly cloudy, cloudy and overcast), based on the water temperature data of aquaculture pond and cage embayment in Ningbo from 2010 to 2013. The results showed that: (1) two and three order harmonic models could well simulate water temperature variations of aquaculture pond and cage embayment, respectively. The absolute error of temperature simulation for different types marine aquaculture water were all at a low level (aquaculture pond: hourly 0.24-0.31℃, maximum 0.2-0.24℃, minimum 0.11-0.15℃,cage embayment: hourly 0.1-0.15℃, maximum 0.06-0.1℃, minimum 0.06-0.08℃ ). (2) Harmonic simulation error with significant diurnal variation was higher in daytime and lower in nighttime, the harmonic method simulation on the trend of water temperature variation in overcast day was worse than that in other weather conditions. (3) Water temperature diurnal variation of aquaculture pond had two cycles with 24 hours and 12 hours, and 24 hours cycle contributed the highest proportion. Water temperature diurnal variation of cage embayment had 12 hours, 24 hours and 6hr periods, and the proportion of 12 hours and 24 hours was higher than that of 6 hours. From sunny to cloudy day, the proportion of 12 hours and 24 hours was almost equal, while the proportion of 24 hours cycle significantly decreased in overcast day. We propose that the harmonic method provides a good proxy for simulating and quantitatively analyzing the diurnal variation of aquaculture pond water and cage embayment water, which provides an important reference for water temperature refinement forecast.

Key words: Aquaculture pond, Cage embayment, Water temperature, Different weather, Harmonic analysis

杨栋，姚日升，金志凤，丁烨毅，钱燕珍，王立超. 不同类型海水养殖水体温度日变化谐波分析[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(09): 558-566.

YANG Dong, YAO Ri-sheng, JIN Zhi-fen, DING Ye-yi, QIAN Yan-zhen, WANG Li-chao. Harmonic Analysis of Temperature Diurnal Variation for Different Types Marine Aquaculture Water[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(09): 558-566.

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