陇东南“花牛”苹果果实生长动态及其与热量条件的关系

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.12.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运用陇东南“花牛”苹果产地不同海拔高度果园2014-2016年试验资料及气象资料，建立苹果生长动态模型，并对果实生长动态变化特征及其与热量因子的相关关系进行分析。结果表明，苹果果径增长及单果重量累积变化均符合Logister曲线，果实生长具有明显的时间特征、极值变化和增长规律。幼果生长初期，横径大于纵径，7月上中旬之后，纵径开始大于横径。果径增长极大值出现在6月中下旬，单果重增长极大值出现在7月上中旬。海拔每增加100m，果实增长极值出现时间推迟4d左右。果实生长4个阶段中的第2阶段即果肉细胞迅速增大期（花后45～80d即6月中旬-7月中旬）为果径增长、重量增多的高峰时段。平均气温与单果重量增长量相关关系显著，≥10℃积温与果径及单果累积重量变化符合S型曲线特征，果径增长最快时间在6月20日前后，为果树开花后50d左右；重量增加最快时间在7月6日前后，为果树开花后66d左右。在果实增长的关键时期加强果园水肥、病虫害、修剪等各项管理，是提高果品产量及商品等级的重要环节。

关键词: “花牛”苹果, 动态生长特征, 热量因子, 相关分析

Abstract:

Based on the experiment data and meteorological data from 2014 to 2016 on the different elevation orchard in "Hua Niu" apple producing area in southeast of Gansu province, the dynamic growth model of apple was established, the dynamic change characteristics of "Hua Niu" apple growth and its correlation with heat factor were analyzed. The results showed that the apple diameter growth and single fruit weight may be described with Logister curve, fruit growth had the obvious time characteristic, the extreme value change and growth regular. The horizontal diameter was greater than the longitudinal diameter in early growth of young fruit until early to mid July；the fruit diameter maximum value appeared in the mid to late June, weight of single fruit maximum value appeared in early to mid July. Each additional 100 meters above sea level, the data of the maximum value delayed about 4 days. The fruit diameter and weight reached the maximum in stage 2 during stage 4 of fruit growth，the fruit pulp cells increased rapidly in stage 2 (45-80d after flowering，about from mid June to mid of July). There was an obvious correlation between the average temperature and the growth of fruit weight. The variation relation between fruit diameter, single fruit cumulative weight and ≥10℃ accumulated temperature can be imitatived by S curve. The fastest time of fruit diameter growing was in June 20 or so, for about 50 days after flowering and the fastest time of single fruit weight increasing was in July 6 or so, for about 66 days after flowering. Strengthen the management of water, fertilization, diseases and insect pests, pruning in the critical moment during fruit growth is an important part to improvement the apple yield and commodity level.

Key words: "Hua Niu", apple, Dynamic growth characteristics, Heat factor, Correlation analysis

姚小英，马杰，李瞳，袁佰顺，王兴，王振国. 陇东南“花牛”苹果果实生长动态及其与热量条件的关系[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(12): 780-786.

YAO Xiao-ying, MA Jie, LI Tong, YUAN Bai-shun, WANG Xing, WANG Zhen-guo. Growth Dynamics of "Hua Niu" Apple and its Relationship with Heat Conditions in Southeast of Gansu Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(12): 780-786.

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