Based on the hourly precipitation data of May to September at 38 meteorological stations in Xizang from 1981 to 2020, the spatial and temporal distribution, variation trend, mutation and period of daytime precipitation(P_d) and nighttime precipitation(P_n) during the growing season of plants in Xizang in recent 40 years were analyzed using the methods of the climatic propensity rate, Pearson coefficient, linear regression method, and five mutation tests including the Mann-Kendall, Cramer, etc. Results showed that: (1) the annual day and night precipitation in Xizang varied greatly in different regions. During the P1 period(1981−2010), the average P_d in the growing season in Xizang ranged from 21.3 to 240.5mm, generally characterized by a decreasing distribution pattern from the northeast to the southwest, and the P_n ranged from 36.3 to 430.7mm, showing a distribution pattern decreasing from the northeastern part of Lhasa and the southern part of Nagchu city to the surroundings. The P_n was 1.7% to 436.0% more than P_d for all stations except the Lhünzê station, which was 6.8% less than P_d. Among them, that were the most obvious in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo river, with an excess of 1.0−4.4 times. Compared with the P1 period, the spatial distribution of P_d and P_n was basically unchanged in the P2 period (1991−2020), except for a southward shift of the 200mm isoline of P_d and a slight expansion of the 400mm isoline of P_n. The highest and lowest values of P_d and P_n were more of 1.8%−2.4% and 8.3%−8.9% respectively, especially the lowest values. In addition, the P_d and P_n during the growing season were mainly affected by longitude. (2) In the past 40 years, both the P_d and P_n decreased in most of Lyingchi city, Lhorong and Nyalam stations during the growing season, and increased in most other areas, but the trends were not significant. Moreover, the trend of P_n was greater than that of P_d at 63.2% stations. The P_d and P_n co-increasing type accounted for 63.2%, the P_d and P_n co-decreasing type accounted for 13.1%, the case of P_d increasing and P_n decreasing type accounted for 7.9%, and the P_d decreasing and P_n increasing type accounted for 15.8%.The dominant factor influencing the climatic tendency rates of P_d and P_n was the altitude, which increases with elevation, and the rate by 0.52mm·10y⁻¹·100m⁻¹ and 0.67mm·10y⁻¹·100m⁻¹, respectively. (3) On the decadal scale, the P_d and P_n in the growing season at most stations in Xizang were lower in the 1980s, higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest in the 1990s, lower in the east and west and higher in the north in the 2000s, but the opposite in the 2010s, which the lower in the southeast and higher in the northwest. (4) In the last 40 years, the P_d and P_n averaged at 38 stations in Xizang during the growing season increased by a rate of 3.4mm·10y⁻¹ and 6.9mm·10y⁻¹, respectively. However, the increase trend of P_d was significantly reduced in the growing season during the last 30 years, and P_n showed a decreasing trend. The P_d and P_n had a significant 3-year period and mutated in 2004 and 2005.

 Global warming has led to a significant increase in the frequency of extreme weather and climate events, especially in northeast China, which is bound to affect the grain output of the three northeastern provinces. Based on historical ground meteorological observation data (1981−2014) and future climate change prediction data (2031−2060), this paper systematically analyzed the spatial−temporal distribution characteristics and future occurrence trends of extreme temperature and precipitation events by defining four extreme temperature indices and three extreme precipitation indices related to crop production. The results showed that the number of low temperature days (CD) decreased, the number of high temperature days (HD), low temperature intensity (CSI) and high temperature intensity (HSI) increased, the number of continuous wet days (CWD) decreased, the number of continuous dry days (CDD) increased, the number of heavy precipitation days (R20) decreased, the number of extreme high temperature days increased significantly and the extreme maximum temperature was the same as the historical stage. The extreme minimum temperature is in a state of warming. In the future, the overall temperature in the crop growing areas of the three provinces in northeast China would continue to rise, the number of continuous wet days would increase, the number of continuous dry and heavy precipitation days would decrease, and the precipitation variability and spatial difference would be large and the fluctuation range would be greater than the historical stage, and the uncertainty of abnormal precipitation would be strengthened, showing a trend of warming and drying, especially in the south and southeast. The results can provide reference for agricultural production in Northeast China to cope with climate change.

The construction investment and spatial resolution of existing precipitation monitoring automatic meteorological observation stations, weather radars, satellites and other technologies vary greatly and are limited, resulting in differences in regional precipitation prediction accuracy and timeliness. In this study based on big data 5G communication links and precipitation data, correlation and regression analysis methods were used to explore the correlation between mobile terminal signal attenuation characteristics and precipitation. Based on the core pseudo code algorithm, linear regression, decision tree regression, and random forest regression precipitation prediction models were constructed and their performance was evaluated to improve the accuracy of precipitation prediction. The results indicated that there was a weak correlation between the communication data of the big data 5G communication link and the precipitation data. The linear regression precipitation prediction model had NSE of −0.115444, the decision tree regression precipitation prediction model had NSE of −1.065824 and the random forest regression precipitation prediction model had NSE of 0.310811. In addition, the joint data of communication and precipitation monitoring data from May to June 2022 of the big data 5G communication link in Fuzhou urban area achieved the best average prediction accuracy of 95.86% in the random forest regression precipitation prediction model. This suggests that the communication data from the big data 5G communication links can be used for high−resolution and high−precision precipitation prediction in the random forest regression precipitation prediction models. The results of this study provide a scientific alternative to high spatiotemporal resolution meteorological forecasts.

 Preparation of calcium-modified biochar (Ca−BC) using corn stover biochar (BC) as raw material and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) as modifier. The changes in morphological composition of biochar before and after modification were compared, and the effect of Ca−BC on the phosphate adsorption and the role of different pH for it were explored. Meanwhile, investigated the effect of Ca−BC on various forms of phosphorus in the substrate, to clarify the effect of Ca−BC on the control of phosphorus in the water body and the substrate. The results showed: (1) compared with BC, Ca−BC had a denser pore structure, larger specific surface area, and more adsorption sites and oxygen−containing functional groups. Under neutral conditions, Ca−BC prepared at a CaCl₂ concentration of 1.0mol·L⁻¹ had the best adsorption effect on phosphate, at which time the removal rate of phosphate could reach 88.3%, which was nearly 3 times higher removal rate than BC. (2) The adsorption process of Ca−BC on phosphate conformed to the quasi−primary, quasi−secondary kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, which was mainly determined by single−molecule adsorption and influenced by both diffusion and chemisorption, and the theoretical maximum adsorption amount reaches 15.6mol·L⁻¹. (3) Addition of Ca−BC to the substrate, the proportion of exchange phosphorus (Ex−P), organic phosphorus (Org−P), and calcium−bound phosphorus (Ca−P) decreased from 0.5% to 0.3%, 22.6% to 19.4%, and 39.1% to 41.5%. Therefore, the addition of Ca−BC can promote the morphological transformation of substrate phosphorus, resulting in a decrease in the proportion of potentially reactive phosphorus and an increase in the proportion of stable state phosphorus, reducing the risk of substrate phosphorus release.

The tree-ring width of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) trees in Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve was measured using the dendrochronology method, and then a standardized chronology was established. The radial growth response to climatic factors was further analyzed using wavelet analysis, multivariate regression, and binary wavelet coherence analysis methods. Our findings could provide valuable theoretical insights into the management of Chinese fir in the nature reserves. The results revealed that from 1960 to 2020, the annual average temperature and annual precipitation in the Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve showed an increasing trend. However, the change trend of mean annual relative humidity was not significant. From 1961 to 2022, the standard chronology of Chinese fir was suitable for dendroclimatology analysis, but the interannual variation of radial growth is not pronounced. There were three dominant periodicities: 60y, 37y, and 20y. The radial growth of Chinese fir was primarily influenced by the maximum temperature in the previous July, the average relative air humidity in October , and the precipitation in January. The analysis with crossed wavelet transform showed that the radial growth of Chinese fir exhibited a lag of 6−9 months on a 2−3y time scale, relative to maximum temperature in the previous July. There was a significant positive correlation between covariance periods and average relative air humidity in October and precipitation in January. The radial growth showed a two-period covariance with maximum temperature in the previous July. The first cycle, scaled to 6−7y, showed a lag of 9−10.5 months in relation to the temperature. The second cycle, scaled to 2−3y, displayed a lag of 6−9 months. There was a significant positive correlation between the average relative air humidity in October and the radial growth in the current year. January precipitation in the current year exhibited a lag of 3−6 months on a scale of 1−2y. In a summary, the radial growth of Chinese fir in Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve is primarily influenced by precipitation, temperature, and average relative air humidity, which are the key climatic factors. 

The water control experiment of potato was conducted in Shenyang Agricultural University. Potato flowering period and tuber expansion period were selected, and the mild drought (relative soil moisture during flowering period was 50% and that during tuber expansion period was 60%), moderate drought (relative soil moisture during flowering period was 40% and that during tuber expansion period was 50%) and severe drought (relative soil moisture during flowering period was 30% and that during tuber expansion period was 40%) and control (relative soil moisture during flowering period was 70% and that during tuber expansion period was 80%), rewatering treatment was carried out after 5 days of drought at all levels in each growth period, and the rewatering level was controlled to the control level. After the experiment, measure the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), proline and soluble sugar content, as well as chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content in leaves, and the effects of drought stress and post-drought rewatering on potato leaf physiological characteristics were studied. The results showed that under light and moderate drought stress, the SOD and POD activities of leaves at flowering period were increased by 19.4%−32.3% and 20.8%−33.9% compared with the control, and the SOD and POD activities of leaves at tuber expansion period were increased by 17.4%−23.0% and 4.8%−25.3% compared with the control, respectively. The antioxidant enzyme activity of leaves decreased significantly in two critical periods. With the aggravation of drought stress, the content of osmotic regulatory substances in leaves increased sharply. Proline content was 2.7 times that of CK under severe drought stress in flowering period and twice that of CK under severe drought stress in tuber expansion period. The soluble sugar content of leaves at flowering period and tuber expansion period was 33.9%−44.4% and 17.8%−35.1% higher than that of control, respectively. After 5 days of drought stress, the content of proline in leaves decreased by 21.7%−59.1% compared with the drought treatment. However, after 5 days of severe drought in flowering period and moderate severe drought in tuber expansion period, the content of soluble sugar in leaves did not change significantly. Under drought stress, the contents of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll at flowering period decreased by 12.8%−33.0% and 14.0%−36.9% compared with the control, and the contents of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll at tuber expansion period decreased by 10.4%−15.2% and 12.0%−14.7% compared with the control, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll in leaves increased by 10.9%−23.0% and 11.5%−15.1%, respectively, compared with that under drought treatment. Rehydration in time after drought could alleviate the damage caused by drought stress to a certain extent.

In the controlled environment of mushroom cultivation room, Pleurotus ostreatus was grown under different LED red-blue light treatments based on light intensities of 15μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ and 7μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹. The treatments included continuous pure red light (R15, R7), continuous pure blue light (B15, B7), continuous red-blue mixed light (R7B7), intermittent red light (R-7), and intermittent blue light (B-7), with natural indoor light at an intensity of 1 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ as the control group (CK). The study aimed to investigate the effects of different LED red-blue light supply modes on the fruiting, spectral characteristics, and mineral nutrition of Pleurotus ostreatus, providing reference for light environment regulation in industrial cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. The results showed that: (1) the Pleurotus ostreatus yield of B7 and B15 treatments increased by 37 and 23 percentage points, respectively, compared to the control group. The B7 treatment promoted an increase in cap width by 13.19% compared to the control group, while the R15 treatment promoted an increase in stem length by 18.24% compared to the control group. The B7 and B15 treatments resulted in higher yields of Pleurotus ostreatus, with yields of 295g and 300g per bag respectively. (2) Compared to the control group, the B7 and B15 treatments increased the color saturation (C value) and Hue angle (Hue value) of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies. C value increased by 72.00% and 53.74%, respectively, compared to the control group, while the Hue values increased by 0.23% and 0.19% respectively compared to the control group. Overall, blue light was more conducive to the coloration of Pleurotus ostreatus. (3) Compared to the control group, all treatments increased the content of trace elements in the cap of Pleurotus ostreatus. The increases in P, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn were 29.55%−107.32%, 30.74%−75.60%, 16.19%−57.14%, 23.72%−93.26%, and 15.23%−130.42% respectively. Of these, the R7B7 treatment increased the content of these five elements by 104.26%, 75.6%, 55.24%, 93.25%, and 96.31% respectively compared to the control group. Mg content in the stems of Pleurotus ostreatus decreased by 3.33%−27.73% in all light quality treatments. In summary, continuous pure blue light is beneficial for increasing the fruiting rate, cap width, stem diameter, and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus, as well as enhancing its coloration. A continuous mixture of red and blue light favors the accumulation of mineral elements in Pleurotus ostreatus. Therefore, light environment regulation can be adjusted according to actual production conditions to promote high-quality and high-yield cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus in facilities.

Based on the current 193 geographical distribution data and 34 environmental variables such as bioclimate, altitude, and radiation, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was used to simulate potential distribution areas and change characteristics of Ampelopsis grossedentata under three kinds of future climate scenarios. In order to make full use of climate resources and provide scientific basis for Ampelopsis grossedentata planting, protection and industrial development. The results showed that: (1) the prediction accuracy of the MaxEnt model was relatively high, with an AUC value of 0.928 to 0.956. (2) The six key environmental variables that affect Ampelopsis grossedentata distribution were precipitation in the driest month, precipitation of driest quarter, annual rainfall, monthly average radiation in May, altitude, and minimum temperature of coldest month. The thresholds of key environmental variables in the highly suitable region were 30-90mm, 130-300mm, 1600-2450mm, 14000-15200KJ·m⁻²·d⁻¹, ＜1100m and 4.0-9.0℃, respectively. (3) Under the SSP126 scenario, the area of highly and moderately suitable region for Ampelopsis grossedentata could be increased. The area of suitable region from 2081 to 2100 was the largest at 1.822 million km². SSP245 scenario was not as effective as SSP126 scenario in increasing the region of suitable region. However, it was stronger than SSP585 scenario, which was mainly reflected by an increase in the highly suitable regions of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunan, and Hunan that had degenerated, and an increase in the moderately suitable regions of southeastern Sichuan. Under the SSP585 scenario, some high-probability regions in Guizhou, Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi had gradually degenerated into medium-probability regions, and the middle-probability region in Hainan had degenerated into low-probability regions, and the total number of suitable regions in China from 2081 to 2100 was the lowest in history. (4) From 2041 to 2100, the total suitable region of Ampelopsis grossedentata only increased under the SSP126 climate scenario, and decreased under the SSP245 and SSP585 climate scenarios. Regardless of the climate scenario, the centroid of the total suitable area will move away from the current junction of Hunan and Guangxi, and it would move 46 to 80 km to the south of Hunan, slightly to the north and east.

To provide a reference for sugarcane cold−resistance cultivation, parent selection, resistance breeding, etc. 59 global sugarcane varieties were grown in the sugarcane germplasm resource nursery of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The early morning maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was measured in autumn and winter. The temperature data from 1970 to 2000 for each sugarcane region were collected and the correlations between them and Fv/Fm values were analyzed. More over, the correlations between the Fv/Fm values in the early morning of winter and the temperature of 24 varieties of sugarcane originally from the United States after planting in Nanning also were analyzed. The results showed that the Fv/Fm values of the 54 sugarcane varieties were less than 0.7 in the early morning of the chill season, indicating a significant chilling photo−inhibition. A highly significant negative correlation between the early morning Fv/Fm values and the mean temperature of warmest season (MTOWS) , mean temperature of coldest season (MTOCS) , as well as annual mean temperature (AMT) was observed in these varieties. Meanwhile, the early morning Fv/Fm values was significantly positively correlated with the mean temperature difference between hot and cold season(MTDBHACS). Additionally, a highly significant positive correlation was observed between the differences in Fv/Fm values from autumn to winter and the MTOWS, MTOCS, as well as AMT. Meanwhile, the differences in Fv/Fm values from autumn to winter was significantly negatively correlated with the MTDBHACS. For the 24 varieties of sugarcane from the United States, a highly significant negative correlation was identified between the Fv/Fm values in the early morning of winter and the MTOCS during breeding, as well as a significant negative correlation between the Fv/Fm values in the early morning of winter and the AMT of the origin region. Besides, a significant negative correlation was also observed between the Fv/Fm values in the early morning of winter and the MTOCS during planting in Nanning. Meanwhile, no significant correlation was observed between the Fv/Fm values in the early morning of winter and the AMT. Furthermore, the differences in Fv/Fm values from autumn to winter was highly significantly positively correlated with the MTOCS during breeding. Additionally, it had a significant positive correlation with the AMT of the origin region. Meanwhile, it was also significantly positively correlated with both the MTOCS and the AMT during the planting period in Nanning. Overall, the sugarcane population demonstrated typical thermophilic behavior and sensitivity to low temperature. The cold resistance of sugarcane was closely linked to the temperature of the cold season and the temperature difference between the hot and cold seasons in the region of origin. Besides,this characteristic remained consistent even after long-term cultivation in various locations. 

Peony is an important specialty cash crop in Heze city, Shandong province. Low temperature and freezing damage in spring is the main meteorological disaster faced by peony in Heze city, which not only affects the flowering time and yield of peony, but also affects the local characteristic tourism and economic benefits. This study was based on the observational data of 9 national meteorological stations from 1978 to 2020 and 150 regional automatic stations since 2005, as well as the phenology and disaster data of peony in Heze, Shandong province. Firstly, the cold air and frost processes were identified, and a single-disaster hazard assessment was carried out by selecting typical disaster factors for example the duration days, maximum the drop of daily minimum temperature, extreme minimum temperature of cold air processes and the days, mean temperature, minimum temperature of frost disaster. Secondly, the risk index of low temperature disaster was obtained by weighted sum of the single disaster hazard. Finally, the low temperature disaster risk of Mudan in Heze was quantitatively assessed based on the three-factor methodology of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. The results showed that Juye county and Yuncheng county of Heze city had the largest proportions of high level hazard areas of low temperature disaster, which were 9.8% and 9.5% respectively. The proportions of areas with high level hazard in Caoxian county and Mudan district were the smallest, both less than 0.3%. Affected by low temperature risk and peony exposure, the high risk areas of low temperature disaster mainly distributed in the northeast and southeast of Heze city. In addition, the urban area of Mudan, where peonies were mainly planted, had a higher risk of low temperature disaster leading to a greater risk of peony disaster. The central and western areas were low risk areas, especially the western, southern and eastern parts of peony area, where the risks of low temperature disaster were lower. This research suggested that the planting area of ornamental peony can be expanded to increase the economic benefits of flower farmers. The results can provide basic support for optimizing the planting structure and sustainable development of peony in Heze.

In the context of global climate change, the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme climate events are increasing and strengthening, which greatly affects agricultural production. The three provinces in Northeast China are the main maize-producing areas in the country, and the region most significantly affected by climate change. It is crucial to explore the effects of extreme climate events on maize meteorological yield in the three provinces and safeguard China's food security and economic development. In the current study, a machine learning model was constructed based on the historical meteorological data and statistical maize yield data to clarify the impact extreme climate events on maize meteorological yield in northeast China during the historical (1981−2014) and future (2031−2060) periods. The results showed that high temperature and high- temperature-drought compound events had the greatest impact on maize meteorological yield during the historical period, with meteorological yield decreasing by 13.2% and 15.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, the extreme temperature events had a greater impact on maize meteorological yield compared to extreme precipitation events. In the future, the climate show a warming trend, Compared with the SSP1−2.6 (low−emission) scenario, the magnitude of maize meteorological yield reduction in Northeast China under the SSP5-8.5 (high-emission) scenario is more pronounced, and more attention needs to be paid to the impact of extreme precipitation events on maize meteorological yield in the future.

In recent years, there has been a "wandering phenomenon" in the development of agrometeorology, and some key questions need to be answered effectively. Based on system theory and resource theory, this paper deeply analyzed the connotation of agrometeorology, and expanded the relationship between meteorological conditions and agricultural (crop) production, and provided ideas and solutions to related problems. The results showed that the elements such as atmosphere, soil, crops and technical conditions make up the agrometeorological system. Climatic factors were not only natural, but also productive, and were involved in the whole process of agricultural production. The functional relationship between crop production and meteorological conditions could be established. Agrometeorological indices were the dynamic combinations of meteorological elements. Technological conditions could change the availability of climatic conditions and the sensitivity of agricultural production to climate. There were three properties of climate resources: quantity, space-time potential and quality. Different combinations of elements of the hydrometeorological system determine different objectives. This research could play important role in promoting agro meteorology.

According to the observed meteorological data in 2024 and the historical data from 2467 meteorological stations and 653 meteorological stations in China, the agrometeorological evaluation index, climate suitability models, grid estimation methods for soil moisture and agrometeorological disaster index model were used to evaluate the agrometeorological effects on yield of major autumn-harvest crops, such as corn, single rice, later rice, soybean and cotton. The results showed that water conditions and thermal conditions were sufficient for the crop growth and development during the growing season. The impact of agricultural drought, continuous rain, sunless, rainstorm and flood disasters during the main growth season was light, while the meteorological conditions were favorable for crop development growth and yield. However, in Heilongjiang and Jilin, there was continuous low temperature and waterlogging from mid-May to June seriously affected the growth process of crops. In Henan and Liaoning, heavy rainfall was concentrated from July to August, and the waterlogging disaster was severe, resulting in reduced corn and soybean yields. In the Yangtze and Sichuan river basins from July to September, high temperature persisted for a long time, and heat damage to single rice plants yields.