气候变化背景下华北平原夏玉米花期高温热害特征及适宜播期分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2020.01.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用华北平原夏玉米种植区55个气象站点1981-2017年逐日地面观测资料，以日最高气温≥35℃持续3、4、5d，且相对湿度≤70%为一次轻、中、重度高温热害，从年代际尺度、年尺度、旬尺度分析37a来华北平原不同播期下夏玉米花期高温热害的时空变化特征；以开花期避开中度高温热害为标准，推算夏玉米花期规避高温的适宜播期。结果表明：6月上旬播种，夏玉米花期遭遇高温热害的频率最大，河南省南部的信阳、固始等地区遭遇高温热害频率超过20%；6月中旬播种，夏玉米花期遭受高温热害频率为9%～12%。2011年以来华北平原夏玉米花期高温热害加重，发生频率高于P1-P3时段（1981-2010年）。华北平原早熟玉米平均适宜播种期在6月15日-7月5日，中熟玉米平均适宜播种期在6月15-27日，晚熟玉米平均适宜播种期在6月15-20日。在各适宜播种期范围内，华北平原南部应适当晚播，北部则应适当早播。

关键词: 华北平原, 夏玉米, 高温热害, 播期

Abstract: Using the daily ground observation data of 55 meteorological stations in the summer maize planting area of North China Plain from 1981 to 2017, annual heat damage events of summer maize was calculated by taking the daily maximum temperature ≥35℃ lasts for 3, 4, 5 days, as well as the relative humidity ≤70% as an indicator for light, medium and severe high temperature heat damage, respectively. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of high temperature heat damage during the flowering period of summer maize under different sowing dates in the North China Plain were analyzed at the decadal scale, annual scale and ten-days scale. With the standard of avoiding medium high temperature heat damage at flowering stage, the suitable sowing dates for summer maize were then estimated. The results showed that the greatest frequency of heat damage at flowering stage of summer maize was found when sown in early June. And if planted in mid-June, the frequency of heat damage was 9%-12%. However, the heat damage has been increased since 2011, and the occurrence probability is higher than that in the P1-P3 period (1981-2010). The average suitable sowing date of early-maturity varieties in North China Plain is from June 15th to July 5th. That of mid-maturity and late-maturity varieties were from June 15th to June 27th and from June 15th to June 20th respectively. Within the suitable sowing period, planting should be postponed appropriately in the southern part of the North China Plain. And in the north, it should be earlier.

Key words: North China Plain, Summer maize, High temperature heat damage, Sowing date

和骅芸，胡琦，潘学标，马雪晴，胡莉婷，王晓晨，何奇瑾. 气候变化背景下华北平原夏玉米花期高温热害特征及适宜播期分析[J]. 中国农业气象, 2020, 41(01): 1-15.

HE Hua-yun, HU Qi, PAN Xue-biao, MA Xue-qing, HU Li-ting, WANG Xiao-chen, HE Qi-jin. Characteristics of Heat Damage during Flowering Period of Summer Maize and Suitable Sowing Date in North China Plain under Climate Change[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2020, 41(01): 1-15.

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