中国农业气象 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 99-110.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2026.01.009

• 高标准农田智慧气象监测与应用专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

高标准农田冬小麦干旱监测指标适用性分析

陈曦,马倩倩,王晓东,成林,褚荣浩   

  1. 1.安徽省农业气象中心/大气科学与卫星遥感安徽省重点实验室,合肥 230031;2.河南省新乡市气象局,新乡 453000;3.河南省气象科学研究所,郑州 450003
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-05 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-01-16
  • 作者简介:陈曦,E-mail:chenxi_0109@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局青年创新团队项目(CMA2024QN03);河南省科技攻关计划项目(252102320003);国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD2300202)

Suitability Analysis of High-standard Farmland Drought Index for Winter Wheat

CHEN Xi, MA Qian-qian, WANG Xiao-dong, CHEN Lin, CHU Rong-hao   

  1. 1.Anhui Agricultural Meteorological Center/Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230031, China; 2.Meteorological Bureau of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang 453000; 3.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003
  • Received:2024-12-05 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-01-16

摘要: 干旱是影响黄淮海地区冬小麦生产的主要气象灾害之一,冬小麦生长期内水分亏缺会直接影响最终产量和品质。基于河南省39个高标准农田气象站2020-2023年气象观测数据和土壤相对湿度数据,以及国家基本气象站历史气候资料,构建日尺度标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)和作物水分胁迫指数(CWSI),探讨两种干旱指标在高标准农田干旱监测中的适用性。结果表明:(1)84.6%的站点SPEI与土壤相对湿度指数(Rsm)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),相关系数为0.15~0.73,较Rsm相比,SPEI区域干旱等级判定对重度干旱存在高估现象,2022年典型干旱年区域平均干旱等级差0.60,与实际灾情一致性较高;(2)69.2%的站点CWSIRsm呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),相关系数为0.47~0.11,各土层空间差异较大。与Rsm相比,CWSI站点干旱等级判定等级误差≤1的日数占比为70.0%,但对干旱起始和结束的响应存在滞后。(3)SPEI和CWSI分别在区域和站点尺度的干旱监测中体现了较好的适用性,建议在推广前优化CWSI基线参数,构建以SPEI作为区域气象干旱早期预警指标,CWSI作为站点尺度的灌溉决策辅助指标的高标准农田干旱监测体系。

关键词: 标准化降水蒸散指数, 作物水分胁迫指数, 土壤相对湿度, 干旱指标, 高标准农田

Abstract:

Drought is one of the major meteorological disasters affecting winter wheat production in the HuangHuaiHai region. Water deficits during winter wheat growing season directly affect the final yield and grain quality. Based on meteorological data from 39 highstandard farmland stations, soil relative moisture data and historical climatic data from national meteorological stations in Henan province during 20202023, this study established dailyscale Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) to evaluate their applicability in drought monitoring for highstandard farmlands. The results showed that: (1) for 84.6% of stations showed extremely significant (P0.01) positive correlations between SPEI and soil relative moisture index (Rsm), with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.15 to 0.73. Although SPEI overestimated regional drought severity compared to Rsm, it showed high consistency with actual disaster during the severe drought year 2022, when the grades difference was 0.60. (2) For 69.2% of stations exhibited extremely significant (P0.01) negative correlations between CWSI and Rsm, and the correlation coefficients were 0.47 to 0.11, with notable spatial variation. The percentage of days with a drought grades error 1 compared to Rsm at the station level was 70.0%, but there was a lagged response to the start and end of drought events. (3) SPEI and CWSI demonstrated good applicability for drought monitoring at regional and station level, respectively. It is recommended to optimize the baseline parameters of CWSI before wide application, and to establish a highstandard farmland drought monitoring system, which should integrate SPEI as an earlywarning indicator for regional meteorological drought and CWSI as an decisionmaking tool for irrigation management at the station level.

Key words: Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, Crop water stress index, Soil relative moisture, Drought index, High?standard farmland