新疆棉区10℃初日和终霜期的空间分布特征及其对棉花播种期的影响

中国农业气象 ›› 2009, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (S2): 238-240.

新疆棉区10℃初日和终霜期的空间分布特征及其对棉花播种期的影响

李迎春;曹占洲;毛炜峄;

新疆气候中心;

出版日期:2009-12-20 发布日期:2009-12-20
基金资助:
北方农业低温冷害监测预警技术研究(2006BAD04B02)“新疆棉花低温冷害监测预警技术研究”;; “十一五”国家科技支撑计划课题“现代农村信息化关键技术研究与示范”第15专题(2006BAD10A15);; 新疆气象局“新疆粮棉作物产量动态预报新技术的研究”

Spatial Distribution of Beginning Date of 10℃ and Latest Frost and Their Impacts on the Cotton's Seeding Time in Xinjiang

LI Ying-chun,CAO Zhan-zhou,MAO Wei-yi(Xinjiang Climate Center,Urumqi 830002,China)

Online:2009-12-20 Published:2009-12-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用新疆棉区22个站1961-2007年日平均气温和日最低气温资料,分析了棉区10℃初日和终霜期的空间分布特征、两者的关系及其对棉花播种期的影响。结果表明,10℃初日和终霜期均以吐鲁番棉区最早,南疆棉区次之,并由塔里木盆地西部向东推迟,北疆棉区和哈密棉区最晚。大部分棉区终霜期与10℃初日之间存在显著的线性相关,北疆棉区、吐鲁番棉区及南疆大部分棉区终霜期早于10℃初日,只有哈密、且末、民丰终霜期出现在10℃初日之后。北疆棉区和东疆棉区10℃初日变化较终霜稳定,南疆棉区终霜变化比10℃初日稳定。以10℃初日为指标来确定棉花播种期,哈密棉区棉花播后遭受霜冻的风险较大,应在10℃初日后10d左右播种,塔里木盆地东南部棉区有一定风险,可在10℃初日后播种,其余大部分棉区风险不大或较小,可在10℃初日或稍前播种。本研究对棉花播种期气象服务指标的把握进而提高棉花气象服务水平具有重要意义。

关键词: 终霜, 10℃初日, 空间分布特征, 棉花播种期

Abstract: Based on the data of the daily mean and minimum temperature from 22 meteorological stations during the period of 1961-2007 in Xinjiang cotton area,the spatial distribution of beginning data of 10℃and the latest frost were analyzed.The results showed that the earliest beginning date of 10℃ and latest frost were in Turpan,followed by in southern Xinjiang,delayed from west to east in Tarim Basin,and latest in northern Xinjiang and Hami.There was significant linear correlation between the beginning data of 10℃ and the latest frost in the most of cotton's area.The latest frost period was earlier than the beginning data of 10℃ in the northern Xinjiang cotton area,Turpan cotton area and the most of southern Xinjiang cotton area.The latest frost period was after the beginning data of 10℃ only in Hami,Qiemo and Minfeng.Compared with the latest frost period,the change of beginning data of 10℃ was more stable in the northern and eastern Xinjiang cotton area,while the situation was the opposite in the southern Xinjiang cotton area.If the beginning data of 10℃ was taken as the index for the cotton's seeding date,the cotton could be at greater risk of frost in Hami cotton area.Therefore,the cotton's seeding time should be delayed 10 days after the beginning data of 10℃.There was definite risk in the south-eastern Tarim Basin cotton area.However,it was appropriate in the most of cotton area in Xinjiang and the cotton's seeding time was in the beginning or before the data of 10℃.The result was of great significance to get meteorological service indexes about cotton's seeding time and to improve the meteorological service of cotton.

Key words: Latest frost, Beginning date of 10℃, Spatial distribution characteristics, Cotton's seeding time

李迎春;曹占洲;毛炜峄;. 新疆棉区10℃初日和终霜期的空间分布特征及其对棉花播种期的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2009, 30(S2): 238-240.

LI Ying-chun,CAO Zhan-zhou,MAO Wei-yi(Xinjiang Climate Center,Urumqi 830002,China). Spatial Distribution of Beginning Date of 10℃ and Latest Frost and Their Impacts on the Cotton's Seeding Time in Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2009, 30(S2): 238-240.

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