薇甘菊替代植物的筛选及其防控效果试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2020.01.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 薇甘菊（Mikania micrantha）是一种多年生恶性入侵杂草，会严重破坏入侵地生物多样性，目前在中国南方多个省份均有发生。采用生物替代的方法控制薇甘菊，既可以有效降低其危害，又可获得生态和经济效益。本研究根据薇甘菊入侵的主要生境特点，选择15种适合在薇甘菊大面积发生区域生长并具有较好经济价值和生态价值的植物，采用盆栽竞争试验，通过测定株高、生物量（鲜重、干重）、叶绿素含量、叶面积、光合速率等生理生化指标，研究不同替代植物对薇甘菊的防控效果，以筛选出最佳替代植物。结果表明，所选植物中，香茅（Mosla chinensis）和柱花草（Stylosanthes guianensias）对薇甘菊的控制效果最好，薇甘菊与这两种植物竞争时，其鲜重、干重、株高等指标在15组处理中均为最低或次低。进一步研究表明，在香茅和柱花草与薇甘菊共同种植时，不同植株比例的条件下，薇甘菊的生长均受到不同程度的抑制；与单独种植薇甘菊的对照组相比，处理组的薇甘菊叶面积、叶绿素含量及光合速率等指标均呈显著下降趋势（P＜0.05），而香茅和柱花草与单独种植相比差异不显著。说明香茅和柱花草在不影响自身生长的前提下，能够很好地控制薇甘菊的生长，可作为良好的替代植物。

关键词: 薇甘菊, 替代植物, 筛选, 防控效果

Abstract: Mikania micrantha is a perennial invasive weed, which can seriously destroy the biodiversity of the invaded area. Biological substitution can not only effectively reduce the harm of M. micrantha, but also achieve ecological and economic benefits. According to the main habitat conditions of M. micrantha invasion, a variety of plants suitable for growing in the invaded area of M. micrantha were selected as the alternative plants. In this research, we studied the effects of different plants on the prevention and control of M. micrantha. Plant height, biomass (fresh weight and dry weight), properties of root soil, chlorophyll content, leaf area and photosynthetic rate of alternative plants and M. micrantha were measured by pot experiments, in order to screen out the best alternative plants. The results showed that among the 15 alternative plants suitable for the local habitats, Mosla chinensis and Stylosanthes guianensias had the best control effects on M. micrantha. When M. chinensis and S. guianensias were planted together with M. micrantha, the plant height and biomass of M. micrantha were the lowest of all the 15 groups. Further studies showed that M. chinensis and S. guianensias could inhibit the growth of M. micrantha without affecting its own growth. Compared with the control group, the leaf area, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of M. micrantha showed a significant downward trend. The results of this study showed that M. chinensis and S. guianensias are good alternative plants to control M. micrantha.

Key words: Mikania micrantha, Alternative control, Screen, Control effect

宋振，王忠辉，范志伟，张瑞海，张国良，付卫东. 薇甘菊替代植物的筛选及其防控效果试验[J]. 中国农业气象, 2020, 41(01): 24-33.

SONG Zhen, WANG Zhong-hui, FAN Zhi-wei, ZHANG Rui-hai, ZHANG Guo-liang, FU Wei-dong. Screening and Control Effects of Different Alternative Plants on Mikania micrantha[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2020, 41(01): 24-33.

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