花期低温对晚稻干物质积累及分配的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2016.02.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以“广两优香66”为试材, 于2014年8-10月在南京信息工程大学农业气象站进行人工控制实验, 研究花期低温对晚稻光合作用和后期灌浆过程的影响, 并分析低温胁迫下晚稻后期干物质积累和分配的变化。低温胁迫温度设定为22℃/17℃（昼/夜）, 处理时间分别为2、4、6和8d, 分别依次记为T2d、T4d、T6d和T8d, 以外界环境条件32℃/25℃(昼/夜)为对照（CK）。结果表明：（1）低温处理后, T2d处理最大光合速率（Pmax）变化较小, T4d和T6d分别比CK下降11.66%和21.47%, T8d的Pmax仅为17.25μmol·m^-2·s^-1, 比CK减少28.54%。低温处理后叶片光饱和点（LSP）降低, 而光补偿点（LCP）明显升高, 与CK相比, T2d、T4d、T6d、T8d的LSP分别降低6.68%、8.08%、8.63%、10.87%, LCP升高2、3、4、6倍。说明低温处理降低晚稻叶片的光合能力；（2）对不同处理的灌浆过程的拟合表明, 低温处理时间越长, 达到最大灌浆速率所需时间（T-GRmax）越长, 晚稻最大千粒重（A）越小, 灌浆活跃期的时间（T90）也越短, 导致整体平均灌浆速率（GR）呈不同程度下降, 说明低温会减缓晚稻的灌浆过程；（3）低温处理时间越长, 晚稻结实率越低, 不超过2d低温对结实率无显著影响, 但4d及以上低温处理能显著降低晚稻结实率, T8d处理的结实率比CK降低34.39%；（4）晚稻总干物质与花期低温处理时间呈负相关, 且低温处理6d后总干物质显著减少, T8d处理总干物质比CK减少28.05%, 其中叶片和穗部减少较明显, 低温处理4d后两者干物质均明显下降, 处理8d后比CK分别减少42.57%和38.70%。研究表明花期低温处理抑制晚稻光合作用, 4d及以上低温处理显著降低结实率, 减缓籽粒灌浆过程, 对产量形成不利。

关键词: 花期低温, 晚稻, 光合作用, 灌浆, 干物质

Abstract:

To study the impact of low temperature during flowering stage to photosynthesis, grain filling process, and dry matter accumulation and distribution, we took Guangliangyouxiang 66 as a material in artificial control test in Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology from August to October in 2014. The low stress temperature was set as 22℃/17℃(day/night), and processing time was 2d, 4d, 6d and 8d (denoted as T2d, T4d, T6d and T8d), and 32℃/25℃ (day/night) as the control (CK). The results showed that: (1)after low temperature treatment, maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax) of T2d changed smaller, and that of T4d and T6d were respectively 11.66% and 11.66% lower than CK. Pmax of T8d was only 17.25μmol·m^-2·s^-1, which decreased by 28.54% than CK. In addition, the light saturation point (LSP) reduced after low temperature treatment, and the light compensation point (LCP) increased significantly. Compared with CK, T2d, T4d, T6d, T8d LSP was reduced by 6.68%, 8.08%, 8.63%, 10.87%, but LCP increased 2, 3, 4, 6 times. This means low temperature treatment can reduce the photosynthetic capacity of late rice leaf. (2)When modeling grain fitting process of different treatments, we found that with more treatment time, the time required to reach the maximum filling rate(T-GRmax) was more, the largest grain weight(A) and time of the active period (T90) were less, which resulting a decline of average filling rate (GR). And this indicated that the low temperature will slow the process of rice grain filling. (3)The longer processing time, the lower the seed setting of rate rice. Treatment no more than 2d, the seed setting would not change significantly, but treatment more than 4d would result seed setting significant decline. Compared to CK, seed setting of T8d reduced by 34.39%. (4)The total dry matter was negatively correlated with low temperature treatment time, and the total dry matter would significant reduced if low temperature treatment after 6d. That of T8d showed a 28.05% decline compared to CK, which leaf and spike contributed obviously. And after 4d treatment, dry matter of leaf and spike would significant decline. Compared to CK, dry matter of leaf and spike of T8d were reduced by 42.57% and 38.07%. Result showed that low temperature at flowering stage could inhibit late rice photosynthesis. More than 4d treatment could significantly reduce the seed setting, slow down the process of grain filling, and those were adverse to the yield formation.

Key words: Low temperature at flowering stage, Late rice, Photosynthesis, Grain filling, Dry matter

白光志，刘寿东，余焰文，杨再强，殷建敏. 花期低温对晚稻干物质积累及分配的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2016, 37(02): 206-212.

BAI Guang-zhi, LIU Shou-dong, YU Yan-wen, YANG Zai-qiang, YIN Jian-min. Effect of Low Temperature at Flowering Stage on Late Rice Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(02): 206-212.

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