中国农业气象 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (04): 287-296.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2021.04.003

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

高浓度CO2与添加生物炭对水稻根系和产量的交互影响

张凤哲, 谢立勇, 赵洪亮, 金殿玉   

  1. 沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳 110161
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-16 出版日期:2021-04-20 发布日期:2021-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 谢立勇,教授,研究方向为农业气象、气候变化影响与适应,E-mail:xly0910@163.com E-mail:xly0910@163.com
  • 作者简介:张凤哲,E-mail: zhangfengzhe@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41875141;41175097)

Interactive Effects of High CO2 Concentration and Biochar Addition on Root System and Yield of Rice

ZHANG Feng-zhe, XIE Li-yong, ZHAO Hong-liang, JIN Dian-yu   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China
  • Received:2020-10-16 Online:2021-04-20 Published:2021-04-15

摘要: 为明确大气CO2浓度升高背景下,施加生物炭对水稻根系和产量的影响,利用自由CO2富集系统(free-air carbon dioxide enrichment,FACE)对吉粳88号水稻进行研究。试验设计4组处理,分别为大气CO2浓度不添加生物炭(CK)、大气CO2浓度每千克干土加20g生物炭(NB)、高浓度CO2(550µmol·mol−1)不添加生物炭(CN)、高浓度CO2每千克干土加20g生物炭(CB),分别于水稻分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期取样测定根系形态和生理指标,水稻成熟后测产,比较各处理间的差异。结果表明,单一因素及互作处理均增加了水稻根系形态指标中的总根长、总根表面积和根冠比,CN处理使分蘖期根系干重降低了39.24%,CB处理对水稻总根长、总根表面积的互作效应在各试验期均达到极显著水平;各试验期水稻根系生理指标对单一因素及互作处理均表现出积极响应,CB处理各试验期根系伤流强度分别增加了148.10%、34.21%、6.13%和40.43%,对根系吸收面积的互作效应不显著;单一因素及互作处理均增加了水稻产量构成中的每穴穗数、每穗粒数和千粒重,CN和CB处理对结实率的影响表现为负效应,CB处理使每穗粒数和千粒重分别增加了0.11%和3.39%,互作效应均未达到显著水平。试验结果显示,除CN处理降低了分蘖期根系干重外,单一因素及互作处理对水稻根系形态及生理指标的影响均表现为正效应,互作处理对水稻根系形态的影响达到极显著水平,对根系生理功能的影响则表现为不显著,提高了水稻产量构成中的每穗粒数,降低了结实率。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 生物炭, 水稻, 根系性状, 气候变化

Abstract: In order to clarify the influence of biochar on rice root and yield under the background of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, the free-air carbon dioxide enrichment(FACE) was used to study the Jijing 88 rice. The experimental included 4 treatments: atmospheric CO2 concentration without biochar(CK), atmospheric CO2 concentration with 20g biochar per kilogram of dry soil(NB), high concentration CO2(550µmol·mol−1) without biochar(CN), and high-concentration CO2 with 20g biochar per kilogram of dry soil(CB), samples at the tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage, and mature stage were taken to determine root morphology and physiological indicators, and yield at the mature stage was measured and analyzed. The results show that the single factors and mutual treatment have increased the total root length, total root surface area and root shoot ratio of rice root morphological indexes, CN treatment reduced the root dry weight by 39.24% at the tillering stage, CB treatment had extremely significant interaction effect on total root length and total root surface area in all experimental periods; the physiological index of rice root system responded positively to single factors and interaction treatment, CB treatment increased root bleeding intensity by 148.10%, 34.21%, 6.13%, 40.43% in each test period, and the interaction effect on root absorption area was not significant; single factors and mutual treatment increased panicles per hill, grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight, CN and CB treatments had negative effects on seed setting rate, while the CB treatment increased the panicles per hill and 1000- grain weight by 0.11% and 3.39%, and the interaction effect did not reach a significant level. the results show that except CN treatment reduced the root dry weight at tillering stage, the effects of single factors and interaction treatment on rice root morphology and physiological indices were positive. The interaction treatment had a significant effect on root morphology, the effect on the physiological function of the root system was not significant, and the treatment increased the number of grains per panicle and reduced the seed setting rate.

Key words: CO2, Biochar, Rice, Root traits, Climate change