水分胁迫对黍子幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2019.08.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以“晋黍8号”黍子幼苗为材料，在大棚内采用盆栽砂培法浇灌营养液，设置重旱、轻旱、正常灌溉、轻涝和重涝5个处理，植株二叶一心时开始胁迫处理，于处理后20d测定植株形态指标、生物量和含水量、叶片质膜透性、光合色素、丙二醛、抗坏血酸、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量等指标，研究水分胁迫对黍子幼苗生长、膜脂过氧化和渗透调节的影响。结果表明，正常灌溉下黍子幼苗生长最好，株高、茎粗、茎节数、叶片数、最大叶面积及根系、茎叶、穗的鲜质量、干质量均最大，干旱和涝害下幼苗各形态指标和生物量均明显降低，且重旱和重涝下比轻旱和轻涝下降低更明显；根系、茎叶和穗的含水量在干旱下均明显降低，涝害下表现各不相同。叶片光合色素含量在干旱下显著降低而涝害下无明显变化，质膜透性、丙二醛、抗坏血酸和脯氨酸含量在干旱和涝害下明显增加，且重旱和重涝下比轻旱和轻涝下增加更明显；可溶性糖含量在干旱下明显增加而在涝害下明显降低，可溶性蛋白含量在干旱下显著降低而在涝害下无显著变化。研究说明，干旱和涝害均对黍子幼苗造成过氧化伤害，抗氧化物质和渗透调节物质含量随之增加，但是抗氧化物质的增加并不能完全消除胁迫导致的过氧化伤害，加上光合能力降低，使黍子植株生长显著抑制。在本试验条件下，干旱胁迫对黍子幼苗的伤害比涝害严重。

关键词: 黍子, 水分胁迫, 生长, 膜脂过氧化, 渗透调节物质

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of water stress on the growth, membrane lipid peroxidation and osmotic adjustment of broom corn millet seedlings, the experiment was conducted 5 treatments: severe drought, slight drought, normal irrigation control, slight flooding and severe flooding. ‘Jinshu No. 8’ millet as material was grown in sand culture and irrigated with nutrient solution, and indicators including the morphological indicators, biomass, water content of plant, and the membrane permeability, the contents of photosynthetic pigments, MDA, AsA, proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein in leaves were determined on 20th day after treatment. The results showed that the millet seedling grew best under normal irrigation condition, with the largest values of plant height, stem diameter, nodule number, leaf number, maximum leaf area, fresh mass and dry mass of root, stem and leaf, and panicle. All morphological indicators and biomasses were obviously decreased under drought and flooding treatments, and the extent of decrease under severe drought and severe flooding were more obvious than those under slight drought and slight flooding. The water contents of root, stem and leaf, panicle were clearly decreased under drought, but showed different tendency under flooding treatments. The contents of photosynthetic pigments were significantly decreased under drought, while relatively stable under flooding. The membrane permeability, the contents of MDA, AsA and proline were obviously increased under drought and flooding, and the extents of increase under severe drought and severe flooding were more obvious than those under slight drought and slight flooding. The soluble sugar content was clearly increased under drought and was clearly decreased under flooding, the soluble protein content was significantly reduced under drought and was relatively stable under flooding. The research illustrated that the drought and flooding caused the peroxidation injury to the millet seedlings, and the contents of antioxidants and osmotic adjusting materials were increased. But the increase of antioxidants could not completely eliminate the peroxidation injury caused by stress. In addition, the photosynthetic ability was decreased under stress, which caused the inhibition of the growth of millet seedlings. Under the experimental condition, drought stress caused more serious damage to millet seedlings than flooding.

Key words: Millet, Water stress, Growth, Lipid peroxidation, Osmotic adjustment substances

韩志平，张海霞，张巽，梁艳花. 水分胁迫对黍子幼苗生长和生理特性的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2019, 40(08): 502-511.

HAN Zhi-ping, ZHANG Hai-xia, ZHANG Xun, LIANG Yan-hua. Effects of Water Stress on Growth and Physiological Properties of Millet Seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2019, 40(08): 502-511.

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