中国农业气象

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影响山西春玉米适时播种的气象条件变化特征

钱锦霞;李芬;奚玉香;   

  1. 山西省气候中心,山西省气象科技服务中心,山西省气象信息中心 太原030002
  • 出版日期:2007-06-10 发布日期:2007-06-10
  • 基金资助:
    山西省气象局科研项目(0662)

Characteristics of Changes of Meteorological Factors Affecting Corn Sowing in Shanxi Province

QIAN Jin-xia1,LI Fen2,XI Yu-xiang3 (1.Climate Center of Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030002,China;2. Meteorological Science and Technology Service Center of Shanxi Province;3.Meteorological Information Center of Shanxi Province)   

  • Online:2007-06-10 Published:2007-06-10

摘要: 利用山西春玉米区95个气象站1970-2005年4-5月逐日气温和降水资料,结合12个农业气象观测站春玉米物候资料,分析春季第一场透雨出现初日和日平均气温稳定通过10℃初日的变化、两因子变化对春玉米播种的影响以及5月极端最低气温对玉米幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:各气候区春季第一场透雨集中出现在4月下旬-5月上旬,基本与春玉米播种期吻合,但区域性旱年和无透雨年出现的几率较大,对春玉米适时播种不利;各气候区85%的年份日平均气温稳定通过10℃初日出现在播种期前,并且有逐渐提前的趋势,对春玉米的播种有利;5月极端最低气温呈现升高的趋势,可部分减少对玉米幼苗的影响,但不能排除发生霜冻害的可能。

关键词: 玉米, 播种, 气象条件, 变化特征

Abstract: Based on the data of the daily air temperature and rainfall of 95 meteorological stations over spring corn region from 1970 to 2005,and the phenological observations of the spring corn of 12 agro-meteorological stations of Shanxi Province,the beginning day and variation of the first soaking rain and daily average temperature of ≥10℃ in spring,and the influence of the extreme minimum temperature in May on the growth of maize seedling were analyzed.The results showed that the first soaking rain in spring fell generally between the last ten days of April and the first ten days of May in all regions of Shanxi Province,which conformed to the corn sowing time.The regional drought and non soaking rain occurred frequently,which was disadvantageous to sowing of the spring corn.The beginning day of temperature ≥10℃ had an advanced trend.The extreme minimum temperature in May appeared to be increasing,but there still existed the risk of the spring frost in some years.

Key words: Corn, Corn, Sowing, Meteorological factor, Characteristics of change