中国农业气象 ›› 2014, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (05): 504-510.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.004

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青藏高原高寒嵩草草甸植被群落特征对退化演替的响应

张法伟,王军邦,林丽,李以康,杜岩功,曹广民   

  1. 1中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810001;2中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-13 出版日期:2014-10-20 发布日期:2015-02-11
  • 作者简介:张法伟(1981-),河南义马人,硕士,工程师,主要从事高寒生态系统管理和评价。Email:fwzhang@nwipb.cas.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC08B06);国家自然科学基金(31270520;31270576)

Response of Plant Community of Alpine Kobresia Meadow to Degradation Succession in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau

ZHANG Fa wei,WANG Jun bang,LIN Li,LI Yi kang,DU Yan gong,CAO Guang min   

  1. 1Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining810001,China;2Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100101
  • Received:2014-03-13 Online:2014-10-20 Published:2015-02-11

摘要: 以空间代替时间的方法,于2012年7月中旬–8月中旬在青藏高原祁连山南麓分别选取原生、轻度、中度和重度4种不同退化梯度的高寒嵩草(Kobresia)草甸,对其土壤理化、水分特征和植被群落进行研究,以探究高寒嵩草草甸生态功能退化过程中植被群落的变化特征。结果表明,中度退化样地的地上生物量、表层(0–10cm)土壤含水量和降水地表入渗速率显著最小(P<0.01),表层地下生物量、表层土壤有机质、表层田间持水量和草毡层厚度显著最大(P<0.01)。基于退化高寒嵩草草甸群落的植被功能群和群落多样性的非度量多维排序结果表明,其退化过程可明确划分为原生植被、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化4个阶段,冠层高度、地上生物量、草毡层厚度和降水地表入渗速率对群落变化的相对贡献较大。植被群落对退化过程的响应为非平衡型(Non equilibrium),群落变化的“分水岭”存在于中度退化和重度退化之间。研究结果对退化嵩草草甸的恢复措施选择具有重要的指导意义。

关键词: 高寒嵩草草甸, 退化演替, 非度量多维排序, 非平衡型, 群落特征

Abstract: Alpine Kobresia meadow have a key function in carbon sequestration,water retention and biodiversity conservation on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau while degraded seriously.The response of plant community to degradation succession was not well understood.Based on the spacetime substitution method,the experiment of degradation gradients (excellent,good,fair,and poor)on alpine meadow was conducted and plant community as well as soil characteristics and water retention was surveyed from mid July to mid August in 2012.The results showed that the minimum of aboveground biomass,topsoil water content and surface rain infiltration and the peak value of topsoil (0-10cm) belowground biomass,topsoil organic matter,topsoil filed water content and mattic epipedon thickness all occurred in fair plots.The results of nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) on plant community diversity and function groups along degradation gradients showed that the four stages were obviously distinguished Canopy height,aboveground biomass,mattic epipedon thickness and rainfall infiltration rate accounted for the most variations of plant community.The response of plant community to degradation was non equilibrium and the inflexion of plant community variations might occur during the period from fair plots to poor plots.The nonequilibrium degradation processes would play an indicative function in selecting recovery techniques on degraded alpine meadow.

Key words: Alpine Kobresia meadow, Degradation succession, NMDS, Non equilibrium, Plant community