水层深度对早稻幼穗分化期遭遇低温过程时叶片生理特性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2015. 05.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以早稻品种“陵两优268”为材料，于2014年5月水稻幼穗分化期遭遇低温过程期间（15-19日），在稻田设置3种水层深度即浅水层 (CK，水层为0-1cm)、中水层（ZH，水层为3-4cm）及深水层处理（SH，水层为8-10cm）进行对比试验，每2d测定各处理的叶温、叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率以及叶片抗氧化系统酶活性，以探究低温期间水层深度的调温效果。结果表明：（1）在幼穗分化期遭遇低温期间，各处理的叶温普遍低于气温，但相对而言，中水层（ZH）和深水层（SH）处理中早稻叶温较CK高，且随着时间延长，高于CK的程度加大。说明一定的水层深度有助于保持叶片温度。（2）低温期间，各处理水稻叶片叶绿素含量均明显降低，但ZH处理叶绿素含量降低程度最小，SH处理降低程度最大。说明ZH处理有利于早稻在低温期间叶片体内叶绿素含量的维持。（3）低温期间，早稻叶片净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr和水分利用率WUE均显著降低，但ZH处理能有效缓解净光合速率和蒸腾速率的降低，从而提高早稻在幼穗分化期遭遇低温影响时的水分利用率；低温期间，CK处理叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均较高，而ZH处理叶片的水分利用率最高。SH处理叶片净光合速率低而蒸腾速率高，水分利用率为3个处理中最低。（4）低温期间，各处理早稻叶片体内过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）含量均明显降低，而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性升高缓慢，过氧化物酶（POD）活性则显著升高。其中3个处理中对早稻叶片体内CAT含量和MAD含量下降的抑制作用表现为ZH＞CK＞SH。ZH处理的叶片体内POD含量变化最小，而SOD含量对温度变化不太敏感，3个处理中SOD含量变化差异不大。3个以水灌溉调温处理均能达到抵抗低温以减缓早稻叶片抗氧化酶活性变化的效果，而ZH处理效果尤为显著。

关键词: 叶温, 幼穗分化期, 低温过程, 酶活性

Abstract: Taking early rice Lingliangyou 268 as a material, a field experiment with 3 water layer treatments was conducted in Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology during panicle primordium stage under low temperature damage (15-19 May) in 2014, which included water layer 0-1cm (CK), water layer 3-4cm (ZH), and water layer 8-10cm (SH). The leaf temperature, content of photosynthetic pigment, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and leaf antioxidant of different treatments were measured every two days, to explore the effect of low temperature on leaf physiological and biochemical characters. The results showed that the leaf temperature of all treatments was lower than the air temperature, and much more obvious with time extension, in which, ZH and SH were higher than CK. This indicated that proper depth water layer was helpful to maintain the leaf temperature. All of the leaf chlorophyll content decreased significantly, with a maximum drop for SH. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) decreased significantly, with slightly for ZH. Net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of CK were higher than others, while the water use efficiency of leaf of ZH was highest. Net photosynthetic rate of SH decreased and its water use efficiency and transpiration rate increased. The content of catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves of all treatments decreased significantly, with the rate of ZH＞CK＞SH, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased slightly and the peroxidase (POD) activity increased significantly. All these treatments could resistance to low temperature damage and slow the effect of early rice leaf antioxidant enzyme activity change, in which ZH was most effectively.

Key words: Leaf temperature, Panicle primordium, Low temperature, Enzyme activity

谭孟祥，景元书，薛杨，曾文全. 水层深度对早稻幼穗分化期遭遇低温过程时叶片生理特性的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2015, 36(05): 553-560.

TAN Meng-xiang, JING Yuan-shu, XUE Yang,ZENG Wen-quan. Effects of Different Water Depth on Leaf Physiological Characteristics of Early Rice During Panicle Primordium Suffered to Low Temperature[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2015, 36(05): 553-560.

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