刺萼龙葵入侵对不同类型土壤特性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 外来入侵植物对土壤生态系统的影响已成为入侵生态学研究的热点。本文选取河北宣化和吉林白城2个刺萼龙葵（Solanum rostratum Dunal.）入侵典型地区，研究刺萼龙葵入侵对不同类型土壤养分及酶活性的影响。每个地区分别选择4个生境作为样地，宣化地区生境包括荒地、路边、农田和林地，白城地区生境包括荒地、路边、农田和草原，其中宣化的林地和白城的草原为每个地区特有的生境。采用滴定法和比色法测定土壤养分和酶活性。结果表明，与未入侵样地（CK）相比，刺萼龙葵入侵显著提高了农田、林地和草原的土壤全氮含量（P<0.05），其中宣化（灌淤土）农田和林地全氮含量比CK增加102.49%、79.02%，白城（淡黑钙土）农田和草原比CK增加44.04%、21.81%；刺萼龙葵入侵显著提高了农田和林地的土壤铵态氮含量（P<0.05），其中宣化农田、林地中土壤铵态氮含量比CK增加137.59%、50.32%，白城农田中增加140.18%；刺萼龙葵入侵也提高了路边、林地、农田（白城）和荒地（宣化）的土壤硝态氮含量（P<0.05），其中，宣化荒地、路边和林地土壤硝态氮含量较CK增加65.52%、32.96%和22.68%，白城路边和农田分别增加132.59%、153.96%。刺萼龙葵入侵显著提高了宣化地区及白城荒地和农田的土壤有机质含量（P<0.05）；降低了宣化荒地、农田和林地的土壤全磷含量（P<0.05），土壤全磷分别比CK降低54.63%、70.81%和29.68%，白城路边和草原的土壤全磷含量分别较CK下降17.40%、14.69%（P<0.05）；刺萼龙葵入侵对2个地区土壤全钾和速效钾则无显著影响。刺萼龙葵入侵显著提高了荒地、农田、林地、草原和路边（宣化）的土壤脲酶活性（P<0.05）；宣化路边和白城荒地、草原的中性磷酸酶的活性，宣化荒地和林地土壤过氧化氢酶活性均显著提高（P<0.05），对白城过氧化氢酶则无显著影响。刺萼龙葵入侵对某些生境的土壤养分和酶活性无显著影响可能与入侵生境的小气候、入侵时间长短等因素相关，需进一步深入研究。总之，刺萼龙葵入侵改变了2个地区土壤理化性质和酶活性，其可能通过改变土壤养分及土壤酶活性，以创造对自身有利的土壤环境，从而进一步扩散蔓延。

关键词: 外来入侵植物, 刺萼龙葵, 土壤理化性质, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: The effects of alien invasive plant on the soil ecosystem have become a hot spot in the research of invasion ecology. To analyze the influences of Solanum rostratum Dunal invasion on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in various habitats of different soil types, soil was sampled at two test areas in this study, one is in Xuanhua county of Hebei province and the other is in Baicheng city of Jilin province. In addition, to make a more comprehensive analysis of its impact on soil properties, 4 habitats were selected in each region (including wasteland, roadside, farmland and forestry in Xuanhua; wasteland, roadside, farmland and grassland in Baicheng；the forestry of Xuanhua and the grassland of Baicheng are the endemic habitats in each region, respectively). Soil nutrients and enzyme activities were determined by titration and colorimetry methods. The?results?indicated that the invasion of S. rostratum changed the soil nutrients. In the two areas，the total soil nitrogen was increased in farmland, forestry and grassland (P<0.05), in which the total nitrogen content of farmland and forestry in Xuanhua (anthropogenic-alluvial soil) was increased by 102.49% and 79.02% compared with CK, and that on farmland and grassland in Baicheng (light chernozem) was increased by 44.04% and 21.81% compared with CK; soil ammonium nitrogen content was also increased in farmland and forestry(P<0.05), in which the farmland and forestry in Xuanhua increased by 137.59% and 50.32% compared with CK, and 140.18% in farmland of Baicheng. In the same time, soil nitrate nitrogen content was increased in the roadside, forestry, farmland (Baicheng) and wasteland (Xuanhua) (P<0.05), among them, soil nitrate nitrogen content of wasteland, roadside and forestry was increased by 65.52%, 32.96% and 22.68% in Xuanhua, and that in roadside and farmland was increased by 132.59% and 153.96% in Baicheng, respectively. Soil organic matter content was enhanced in Xuanhua area and the wasteland and farmland of Baicheng (P<0.05); the total soil phosphorus content of wasteland, farmland and forestry in Xuanhua was decreased by 54.63%, 70.81% and 29.68%, and that in roadside and grassland of Baicheng was also decreased by 17.40% and 14.69% compared with CK (P<0.05), respectively. There was no significant effect on the total potassium and available potassium in the two regions.The invasion of S. rostratum changed the soil enzyme activity. Soil urease activity was significantly improved in the wasteland, farmland, forestry, grassland and roadside habitats (Xuanhua) (P<0.05); soil neutral phosphatase activity was improved in roadside of Xuanhua and wasteland, grassland of Baicheng(P<0.05); soil catalase activity was improved in wasteland and forestry of Xuanhua(P<0.05), however, there was no significant effect on the activity of catalase in Baicheng. For the soil nutrient and soil enzyme activities of some habitats there was no significant effect, which may be related to the climate, invasive time and other factors, and it need to be further studied. In short, S. rostratum may create the benefit soil environment for itself through changing soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities for further spread. Study on effects of S. rostratum invasion on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in different areas of different habitats will not only assess the impact of the ecological system, but also provide the basic data for the research and prevention of S. rostratum.

Key words: Alien invasive plant, Solanum rostratum, Soil physical and chemical properties, Soil enzyme activity

赵晓红，张国良，宋振，张瑞海，晏静，张婷，付卫东. 刺萼龙葵入侵对不同类型土壤特性的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(02): 76-87.

ZHAO Xiao-hong, ZHANG Guo-liang, SONG Zhen, ZHANG Rui-hai,YAN Jing, ZHANG Ting, . Effects of Solanum rostratum Invasion on Soil Properties in Different Soil Types[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(02): 76-87.

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