关键词: 秋季气象条件, 湿涝, 阴雨寡照, 秋收秋种

Abstract: Based on the daily national meteorological data in autumn in 2021, relationships between meteorological factors and agricultural production in China were analyzed using statistical methods. The results showed that the national average air temperature in autumn in 2021 was 10.5℃, which was warmer than the same period from 1981 to 2010. The national average precipitation in autumn in 2021 was 157.9mm, which was the most since 1961. Additionally, the average precipitation in northwest China, north China and Huanghuai region was also the most respectively since 1961. The national average sunshine was 564.9 hours, which was the ninth from the bottom since 1961. The early frost in most of the agricultural areas of northeast China significantly occurred later than the normal year. The suitable sunshine and temperature in the most of autumn harvesting area in China were favorable for crop grain-filling, maturing, harvesting and drying. However, continuous rainy and cloudy weather in the early autumn in the eastern part of northwest China, most of north China and northern Huanghuai region disrupted the autumn crop harvesting. Therefore, the sowing date of winter wheat was delayed for 7−15 days due to delay of maize harvesting. The weather turned better in the middle and late autumn. Thus, the sowing speed of winter wheat was accelerated. At the end of autumn, the date of phenological stage of winter wheat in north China, Huanghuai and the east of northwest China was later for generally 7−25 days than the normal year, where the percentage of tillering stage for winter wheat was lower than that in the same period in the normal year and last year. The proportion of weak winter wheat seedling in China was higher than the same period in the normal year and last year. The soil moisture was suitable for autumn sowing in most of agricultural areas in south China, in which winter wheat and rapeseed sowing progressed well and was close to the normal year.

Key words: Autumn meteorological condition, Waterlogging, Cloudy and rainy, Autumn harvest and sowing