关键词: 春季气象条件, 农业生产, 气象灾害, 春播

Abstract: The relationship between meteorological factors and agricultural production in China was analyzed using statistical methods based on daily national meteorological data in the spring of 2024. The results showed that the national average temperature in the spring (March-May) was 12.1°C, 1.4°C higher than the same period from 1961 to 2020 and the maximum value since 1961. The national average precipitation was 156.2mm, which was 18.9mm more than the same period from 1961 to 2020. The national average sunshine hours was 635.7h, 12.6h less than the same period from 1961 to 2020. In the northern winter wheat region, the sunshine hours, heat condition, and soil moisture content were suitable, and the meteorological conditions were generally favorable for the growth and production of winter wheat. In the most areas of the spring sowing areas in northern China, the water and heat conditions were favorable, which was suitable for crop sowing and seedling emergence. Spring sowing progress was faster than that in 2023 and the seedlings were growing well. The frequent rainy weather in the south led to waterlogging in some low-lying cropland, affected the growth and development of rapeseed and the early rice fields in some areas affected by heavy rainfall were flooded for a short time and the corn appeared to lodging. In southern Sichuan and central and eastern Yunnan, the precipitation had been less since last winter, and drought was heavier in some areas, which was unfavorable to the production of grain and oil crops in summer harvest and the growth of spring sown crops at the seedling stage.

Key words: Spring meteorological condition, Agricultural production, Meteorological disasters, Spring sowing