关键词: 夏季气象条件, 农业生产, 气象灾害, 秋收作物

Abstract:

The relationship between meteorological factors and agricultural production in China was analyzed using statistical methods, based on daily national meteorological data in the summer of 2025. The results showed that the national average temperature in summer (June−August) was 22.4°C, the same as last year, and 1.2°C higher than the average of the same period from 1991 to 2020,representing the maximum value since 1961. The national average precipitation was 325.5mm, 3.6mm above the average of the same period from 1991 to 2020. The national average sunshine hours were 652.0h, 12.8h below the average of the same period from 1991 to 2020. In most of the agricultural region, the sunshine, heat conditions and soil moisture content were suitable, and general meteorological conditions were favorable for the growth and production of grain crops. At the same time, some disasters that occurred in summer had negative impacts on the growth and yield formation of the autumn harvest crops. In the summer−sowing regions of northern China, the phased drought at the onset of summer led to prolonged sowing periods and uneven seedling emergence of summer maize and summer soybean in areas without irrigation facilities, thereby affecting the progress and quality of summer sowing. During the mid−to−late summer (July−August), extensive and persistent high−temperature weather occurred in southern north China, the Huang−Huai−Hai region, the Jiang−Huai region and the Guanzhong plain of Shaanxi province, causing leaf wilting and reduced fruiting rates in autumn−harvested crops such as maize, soybean, cotton, and peanut, consequently impacting yield formation. In addition, persistent high temperatures during midsummer in the Yangtze river basin had affected the growth and development of single−cropping rice and economic forest fruits in certain areas.

Key words: Summer meteorological condition, Agricultural production, Meteorological disasters, Autumn harvest crops