中国农业气象

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江汉平原近50年中稻花期危害高温发生的初步分析

李守华;田小海;黄永平;刘爱英;   

  1. 长江大学农学院,长江大学农学院,荆州农业气象试验站,潍坊市坊子区荆山中学 湖北荆州434025,湖北荆州434025
  • 出版日期:2007-02-10 发布日期:2007-02-10
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(30671218)

Preliminary Analysis of High Temperature Harm at Middle-Season Rice Florescence on Jianghan Plain in Last 50 Years

LI Shou-hua1, TIAN Xiao-hai1, HUANG Yong-ping2, LIU Ai-ying3(1.Agriculture College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025,China; 2. Jingzhou Experimental Station of Agro-meteorology; 3. Jingshan Middle School)   

  • Online:2007-02-10 Published:2007-02-10

摘要: 长江流域的水稻花期高温危害已成为生产中的一个重大问题。采用湖北省荆州市农业气象观测站最近50a即1954-2003年的气温观测数据,利用趋势分析和气温距平分析方法对可能导致中稻花期严重结实障碍的7-8月的月平均气温距平、月最高气温距平及连续3d和5d持续高温天气日的发生频次和高温发生随时间的分布规律进行了分析。结果表明:最近50a江汉平原的平均气温和最高气温并未升高,整体保持基本稳定,长期温度变化表现出一定的周期特征;对中稻花期可能产生致命性伤害的7-8月连续3d和5d的平均气温≥30℃和最高气温≥35℃的天气出现的频次高,有增加趋势;高温天气集中发生在每年的7月中、下旬和8月上旬,7月下旬-8月上旬一般高温危害天气发生的概率超过了100%,而严重高温危害天气发生的概率也达到62%。因此,生产上应采取适当调整播期以避开花期高温高发期和培育抗高温品种等技术措施,以减轻和避免高温引起的危害。

关键词: 江汉平原, 中稻, 花期, 高温危害

Abstract: High temperature harm at rice florescence was a big problem to rice production in the Yangtze River basin. Average temperature anomaly, the highest temperature anomaly, the frequency and temporal distribution of extra high temperature lasted 3d and 5d in July and August were analyzed respectively with tendency analysis and temperature anomaly analysis, based on observed temperature data from Jingzhou agrometeorological station during 1954-2003. The result showed that the average temperature and the highest temperature in Jianghan Plain did not increased in last 50 years. The frequency of average temperature≥30℃ lasted 3d and 5d, and the highest temperature≥35℃ in July and August increased a little. Extra high temperature weather occurred in the mid and last ten days of July and the first ten days of August in general. High temperature harm occurred more than 100%, and serious high temperature harm occurred 62% from mid of July to first of August. So adjusting rice-planting date and high temperature tolerant breeding to mitigate high temperature harm were recommended in this region.

Key words: Jianghan Plain, Jianghan Plain, Middle-season rice, Florescence, High temperature harm