关键词: 油茶, 开花期, 低温, 落花率, 最大净光合速率

Abstract: In order to find out the freezing injury index of Camellia oleifera, a Camellia variety named “Tiecheng No. 1”was used as test material, a artificial control experiment was carried out at the Camellia oleifera base in Changde city, Hunan province in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Taking the natural state as a control, several low-temperature freezers were used to set low-temperature treatments with different intensities at −6℃ to 3℃(or −8℃ to 2℃) for 4 hours, and the Camellia oleifera branches at the flowering stage were placed in the freezers in a non-isolated way. 7 days after treatment, the morphological changes of Camellia oleifera were observed, and the rate of falling flower (fruit) and photosynthetic parameters were determined. The results showed that the morphological indicators of Camellia oleifera, falling flowers (fruit) rate and the light response parameters were clearly changed by low temperature. As the temperature decreased, the symptoms of freezing injury became more obvious, falling flowers (fruit) rate increased, while the maximum net photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency and saturation irradiation decreased. According to the symptoms of freezing damage and the response of the above physiological indicators to different low temperatures, it was determined that −2℃ was the upper limit of freezing damage of Camellia oleifera during flowering period, −6℃ was the critical temperature for significant aggravation of freezing damage, and −8℃ was the critical temperature for serious freezing damage. It was concluded that the slight freezing injury index of Camellia oleifera during flowering period was: −6℃＜daily minimum temperature≤−2℃, and the moderate freezing injury index was:−8℃＜daily minimum temperature≤−6 ℃, and the severe freezing damage was: daily minimum temperature ≤−8℃.

Key words: Camellia oleifera, Flowering stage, Low temperature, The rate of falling flowers, The maximum net photosynthetic rate