中国农业气象 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12): 1025-1034.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2022.12.007

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    

两种稗属牧草生长生理指标对光周期变化的响应

荆庆芳,朱林,兰艳,张杨,程云龙   

  1. 1.宁夏大学生态环境学院,银川 750021;2.宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,银川 750021;3.宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,银川 750021;4.宁夏大学农学院,银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-12 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2022-11-21
  • 通讯作者: 朱林,研究员,从事植物逆境生理生态研究。 E-mail:zhulinscience@126.com
  • 作者简介:荆庆芳,E-mail:18735424510@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区农业育种专项(2019NYYZ0401);国家自然科学基金项目“毛乌素沙地灌丛水分利用特征及植被−土壤水分互馈机制研究”(31860135);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(生态学)项目(NXYLXK2017B06);宁夏大学西部一流大学重点实验建设专项(GZXM2017001);宁夏自然科学基金项目“基于简化基因组测序技术的湖南稷子与其近缘种遗传关系分析及分子标记开发”(2022AAC03086);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目“宁夏沙区沙生特色药用植物资源优选与生态栽培模式试验与示范”(2022BEG02012)

Growth and Physiological Responses of Two Barnyard Grass to Photoperiod Changes

JING Qing-fang, ZHU Lin, LAN Yan, ZHANG Yang, CHENG Yun-long   

  1. 1. School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2. Breeding Base for State Key Lab. of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021; 3. Key Lab. for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021; 4.College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021
  • Received:2022-04-12 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-11-21

摘要: 湖南稷子(Echinochloa frumentacea)和宁夏无芒稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)是改良盐碱土壤的优质稗属牧草。本研究通过设置昼/夜8h/16h(记为Ph8)、12h/12h(Ph12)和16h/8h(Ph16)3种不同的光周期处理,测定不同处理下两种稗属牧草的株高、叶宽、穗重、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量、光合和叶绿素荧光参数等生长生理指标,以探究两种稗属牧草生长生理特性对光周期改变的响应规律,为优质牧草异地引种及高产栽培提供科学依据。结果表明:随着光照时间的延长,(1)湖南稷子和宁夏无芒稗的叶宽、穗鲜重、穗干重均呈“倒V”型变化趋势,而株高呈上升趋势,各处理下株高、穗鲜重和穗干重均表现为湖南稷子高于宁夏无芒稗。(2)两种稗属牧草的MDA含量呈现出“V”型变化过程。(3)可溶性蛋白含量呈“倒V”型变化过程。(4)两种稗属牧草的净光合速率、叶绿素含量、最大光化学效率(PII)及其潜在活性均呈现“倒V”型变化过程,在Ph12处理下达到最大值,且在三种光周期处理下,湖南稷子的净光合速率高于宁夏无芒稗。本研究表明,光照时长中等条件(12h)能够显著促进湖南稷子和宁夏无芒稗的叶绿素和可溶性蛋白合成,增强光合作用,提高产量,且对湖南稷子产量的促进作用高于宁夏无芒稗。

关键词: 湖南稷子, 宁夏无芒稗, 光周期, 生长生理指标, 引种

Abstract: As high quality barnyard grasses, Echinochloa frumentacea and Echinochloa crusgalli were widely used to improve saline soils. In this study, three photoperiod treatments were set up by shading or artificial lighting, corresponding to day/night 8h/16h (Ph8), 12h/12h (Ph12) and 16h/8h (Ph16). Plant height, leaf width, spike weight, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were investigated under different treatments, aiming to explore the growth and physiological responses of these two barnyard grasses to photoperiod changes, and provide scientific basis for the introduction of high yield and quality herbage in different regions. The results showed that:(1) with increasing light exposure, the leaf width, spike fresh and dry weight of E. frumentacea and E. crusgalli showed an “inverted V” trend, while the plant height showed an increasing trend. Additionally, the plant height, spike fresh and dry weight of E. frumentacea were higher than those of E. crusgalli under the three treatments. (2) The relationship between the MDA content of the two barnyard grasses and light exposure time exhibited a “V” pattern. (3) The soluble protein content showed an “inverted V” pattern with prolonging light exposure. (4) The net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, maximum photochemical efficiency and photochemical potential activity of the two barnyard grasses showed an “inverted V” trend with increasing light exposure, and reached the maximum under Ph12 treatment. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rates of E. frumentacea were significantly higher than those of E. frumentacea. In conclusion, medium light exposure duration (12h) could significantly promote the synthesis of chlorophyll and soluble protein of E. frumentacea and E. crusgalli, enhancing photosynthesis and increase their yield. Medium light exposure duration promoted the yield of E. frumentacea more than that of E. crusgalli.

Key words: E. frumentacea, E. crusgalli, Photoperiod, Growth physiological indexes, Introduction