中国农业气象 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (06): 453-468.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2023.06.001

• 农业生态环境栏目 •    下一篇

华北地区一年两熟种植模式智慧应对气候变化的水氮管理措施

关凯心,郭尔静,高继卿,张文梦,张镇涛,周丽涛,郭世博,杨晓光   

  1. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-20 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 杨晓光,教授,研究方向为气候变化对农业影响与适应、农业防灾减灾以及农业生产系统模拟,E-mail: yangxg@cau.edu.cn E-mail:yangxg@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:关凯心,E-mail:gkx0119@cau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0607402)

Climate-smart Water-nitrogen Managements for Main Patterns of Double-cropping System in North China Plain

GUAN Kai-xin, GUO Er-jing, GAO Ji-qing, ZHANG Wen-meng, ZHANG Zhen-tao, ZHOU Li-tao, GUO Shi-bo, YANG Xiao-guang   

  1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2022-06-20 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-06-17

摘要: 基于华北地区44个气象站点1981−2020年气象、土壤和作物数据,利用农业生产系统模型(Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator,APSIM)模拟华北春玉米一年一熟和冬小麦−夏玉米一年两熟的产量、CO2和N2O排放量,解析与春玉米一年一熟种植制度相比冬小麦−夏玉米一年两熟种植制度在周年产量提高的同时温室气体排放量的变化;在此基础上,利用APSIM模型模拟不同水氮管理措施下冬小麦−夏玉米产量和温室气体排放量,并计算氮肥农学效率和水分生产力,采取归一化方法明确各处理达到高产、高效和低排多目标协同效果的主体种植制度应对气候变化的水氮智慧管理措施,以及定量气候变化背景下华北地区不同种植制度对温室气体排放量和排放强度的影响程度,明确不同水氮管理措施下周年产量、资源利用效率和温室气体排放量的空间差异性,为华北主体种植模式智慧应对气候变化提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)1981−2020年研究区域春玉米、冬小麦−夏玉米周年单位面积温室气体排放量分别为0.48×104~1.65×104kg CO2-eqhm−2和2.36×104~4.11×104kg CO2-eqhm−2,冬小麦−夏玉米较春玉米温室气体排放量增加了406.7%;(2)1981−2020年研究区域春玉米、冬小麦−夏玉米温室气体排放强度分别为0.08~0.35kg CO2-eqkg−1和0.19~0.47kg CO2-eqkg−1,冬小麦−夏玉米较春玉米增加了153.8%;(3)随着冬小麦灌溉量增加,冬小麦−夏玉米周年产量和温室气体排放量均呈增加趋势,且灌溉时期对周年产量和温室气体排放量无明显影响;(4)各作物氮肥施用量在0~225kghm−2区间时,冬小麦−夏玉米的产量和温室气体排放量随着施氮量的增加而明显增加;施氮量达到225kghm−2之后随着施氮量增加周年产量无显著变化,但温室气体排放量显著增加。针对冬小麦−夏玉米一年两熟种植制度采取适宜的灌溉模式和施氮量,可实现周年较高产量且温室气体排放量相对较低。

关键词: 气候智慧型, 温室气体, 种植制度, 水氮管理措施, 华北地区

Abstract: This study aimed to (1) quantify the impact of different cropping systems on greenhouse gas emission amount and intensity in North China Plain under climate change, (2) clarify the spatial variations of annual yields, resource use efficiencies and greenhouse gas emissions in North China Plain under different water and nitrogen managements, (3) provide a scientific basis for the smart water and nitrogen managements of main cropping systems in North China Plain to adapt to climate change. Based on the meteorological data, soil data and crop data of 44 meteorological stations in North China Plain from 1981 to 2020, the agricultural production systems sIMulator (APSIM) model was used to simulate the yield and greenhouse gas emissions of spring maize single-cropping and wheat-maize double-cropping systems in North China Plain. The changes of greenhouse gas emissions with the increase of annual yield in wheat-maize double-cropping system compared with spring maize single-cropping system were analyzed. On this basis, APSIM model was used to simulate the annual yields and greenhouse gas emissions of wheat-maize double-cropping system in North China Plain under different water and nitrogen managements, and their agronomic efficiencies of applied N and water productivities were also calculated. Besides, the normalization method was adopted to clarify whether each management achieve the multi-objective synergistic effects of high annual yield, high resource use efficiency and low greenhouse gas emission. In addition, the smart water and nitrogen managements for main cropping systems to adapt to climate change in the study area were proposed. The results showed that:(1) from 1981 to 2020, the annual greenhouse gas emission amount of spring maize single-cropping system in the study area was 0.48×104−1.65×104kg CO2-eqha−1, while the annual greenhouse gas emission amount of wheat-maize double-cropping system was 2.36×104−4.11×104kg CO2-eqha−1. The greenhouse gas emission amount of wheat-maize double-cropping system increased by 406.7% compared with that of spring maize single-cropping system in the study area. (2) From 1981 to 2020, the greenhouse gas emission intensity of spring maize single-cropping system in the study area was 0.08−0.35kg CO2-eq  kg−1, while the greenhouse gas emission intensity of wheat-maize double-cropping system was 0.19−0.47kg CO2-eqkg−1. The greenhouse gas emission intensity of wheat-maize double-cropping system increased by 153.8% compared with that of spring maize single-cropping system in the study area. (3) With the increase of irrigation amount of winter wheat, annual yields and greenhouse gas emissions of wheat-maize double-cropping system increased. However, irrigation stage of winter wheat had no significant effect on annual yields and greenhouse gas emissions. (4) The annual yields and greenhouse gas emissions increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application when the total nitrogen application of each crop was 0−225kgha−1 for wheat-maize double-cropping system. However, once the total nitrogen application of each crop reached 225kgha−1 for wheat-maize double-cropping system in North China Plain, the annual yields had no significant change but the greenhouse gas emissions still significant increased with the increase of nitrogen application of each crop. The results indicate that the adoption of climate-smart water-nitrogen managements can achieve both high annual yield and relatively low greenhouse gas emissions in wheat-maize double-cropping system in North China Plain.

Key words: Climate-smart, Greenhouse gas, Cropping system, Water and nitrogen managements, North China Plain