关键词: 春季气象条件, 农业生产, 气象灾害

Abstract: Based on the daily national meteorological data in spring of 2023, relationships between meteorological factors and agricultural production in China were analyzed using statistical methods. The results showed that the national average air temperature in spring of 2023 was 11.3℃, which was 0.6℃ higher than the same period from 1991 to 2020, but with significant fluctuations. The national average precipitation was 127.2mm, which was 7.4% lower than the same period from 1991 to 2020 and the lowest since 2012. The spatial distribution of precipitation was uneven, with an overall distribution characteristic of more in the middle and less in the north and south of China. The national average sunshine duration was 634.6h, which was close to the same period from 1991 to 2020. The most summer-harvesting areas had sufficient light and heat during the yield formation stage, which was conducive for increasing the number of grains per ear and forming large ears. However, strong temperature drops and snowfall in mid-March and late-April caused varying degrees of freezing damage to winter wheat and rapeseed in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and other regions. Wheat of Shaanxi and Henan experienced severe continuous rain in late-May, with the rainy period highly overlapping the wheat maturity period, resulting in moldy grains and sprouting of mature wheat. The soil moisture of spring sowing area in the northeast China was generally suitable, and the progress of spring sowing was relatively smooth. During the sowing and seedling raising period, there was no significant low temperature and low light weather in early rice regions, but there was a periodic low temperature in late-April and mid-May, which delayed the turning green and tillering process of early rice. Moderate to severe agricultural drought has occurred in southern of Sichuan and central and northern of Yunnan, affecting the sowing and emergence of maize, as well as the transplanting of one season rice and tobacco.

Key words: Spring meteorological condition, Agricultural production, Meteorological disaster