不同品种和种植密度对新疆棉花蒸腾速率的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2024.11.010

中国农业气象 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 1357-1368.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2024.11.010

不同品种和种植密度对新疆棉花蒸腾速率的影响

赵鸣泽，张泽山，王雪姣，宋延鸿，孙帅，胡艳萍，帕尔哈提·买买提，张立祯，巴特尔·巴克，李杰

1. 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院，乌鲁木齐 830052；2. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100083；3. 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，乌鲁木齐 830002；4. 国家棉花工程技术研究中心，乌鲁木齐 830091；5. 新疆农业气象台，乌鲁木齐 830002

收稿日期:2023-12-20 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-11-12
作者简介:赵鸣泽，E-mail：787905303@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（42105172）；新疆自治区重点研发计划项目（2022B02001−1）；新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划“棉花轻简高效栽培技术创新团队”项目（2023TSYCTD004）

Different Varieties and Planting Densities Influence on the Transpiration Rate of Xinjiang Cotton

ZHAO Ming-ze, ZHANG Ze-shan, WANG Xue-jiao, SONG Yan-hong, SUN Shuai, HU Yan-ping, PARHAT Maimaiti, ZHANG Li-zhen, BAKE Batur, LI Jie

1.College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052, China; 2. College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083; 3. Urumqi Desert Meteorological Research Institute of China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002; 4.National Engineering Center for Cotton, Urumqi 830091; 5. Xinjiang Agricultural Meteorological Observatory, Urumqi 830002

Received:2023-12-20 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-11-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2022年在新疆乌兰乌苏开展大田试验，设置3个棉花品种（‘中棉979’、‘中棉703’和‘国欣棉’）和2个种植密度（D1：22株·m⁻²；D2：11株·m⁻²）处理，利用热比率法茎流仪测定蒸腾，对比不同天气条件（晴天、雨天）和时间尺度下棉花日均蒸腾量、日蒸腾变化和累计蒸腾的差异，明确北疆地区不同品种、密度下棉花耗水规律。结果表明：（1）种植密度对群体棉花累计蒸腾和日蒸腾速率影响显著，D1种植密度下棉花累计蒸腾和日蒸腾显著提高，3个品种D1种植密度处理下累计蒸腾、日蒸腾速率显著高于D2种植密度处理（平均高51.2%）。（2）棉花品种对单株和群体蒸腾有显著影响，‘中棉703’茎流速率、日蒸腾速率和累计蒸腾高于其他品种。（3）单株棉花蒸腾在日尺度上呈“几”字型变化规律，白天（9：00−21：00）日蒸腾较稳定，夜间由于根压作用仍存在少许茎流；（4）7−9月棉花蒸腾速率和蒸腾量逐月递减，9月棉花日蒸腾曲线逐步向单峰型转变，且白天蒸腾开始时间较晚（10：00），结束较早（20：00）。（5）累计蒸腾与籽棉产量和平均叶面积未呈现显著相关关系。

关键词: 棉花, 种植密度, 茎流仪, 蒸腾速率, 蒸腾量

Abstract:

To study the impact of different varieties and planting densities on the transpiration rate of cotton in Xinjiang, a field experiment was conducted in 2022 in Wulanwusu, Xinjiang. Three cotton varieties (' Zhongmian 979' ' Zhongmian 703' and 'Guoxin cotton' ) and two planting densities (D1:22 plants·m⁻²; D2:11 plants·m⁻²) were establish for treatment. The transpiration rate was measured using a heat ratio stem flow meter, and the differences in daily average transpiration, daily transpiration change, and cumulative transpiration of cotton under different weather conditions (sunny, rainy) and time scales were compared to clarify the water consumption rules of cotton under different varieties and densities in northern Xinjiang. The results showed that: (1) planting density had a significant impact on the cumulative and daily transpiration rates of cotton population. The cumulative and daily transpiration rates of cotton increased significantly under D1 planting density. Under D1 planting density treatment, the cumulative and daily transpiration rates of three varieties were significantly higher than those under D2 planting density treatment (an average increase of 51.2%). (2) Cotton varieties had a significant impact on individual and group transpiration, with ' Zhongmian 703' higher stem flow rate, daily transpiration rate, and cumulative transpiration than other varieties. (3) The transpiration of a single cotton plant showed a "几" shaped variation pattern on a daily scale. During the day (9：00−21：00), the transpiration was relatively stable, but there was still a slight stem flow at night due to root pressure. (4) The transpiration rate and amount of cotton decreased month by month from July to September. The daily transpiration curve of cotton in September gradually transitioned to a unimodal pattern, and the daytime transpiration starts later (10：00) and ends earlier (20：00). (5) Accumulated transpiration had a positive correlation with both seed cotton yield and average leaf area, but it was not significant.

Key words: Cotton, Planting density, Stem flow meter, Transpiration rate, Transpiration

赵鸣泽, 张泽山, 王雪姣, 宋延鸿, 孙帅, 胡艳萍, 帕尔哈提·买买提, 张立祯, 巴特尔·巴克, 李杰. 不同品种和种植密度对新疆棉花蒸腾速率的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2024, 45(11): 1357-1368.

ZHAO Ming-ze, ZHANG Ze-shan, WANG Xue-jiao, SONG Yan-hong, SUN Shuai, HU Yan-ping, PARHAT Maimaiti, ZHANG Li-zhen, BAKE Batur, LI Jie. Different Varieties and Planting Densities Influence on the Transpiration Rate of Xinjiang Cotton[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2024, 45(11): 1357-1368.

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不同品种和种植密度对新疆棉花蒸腾速率的影响

Different Varieties and Planting Densities Influence on the Transpiration Rate of Xinjiang Cotton

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