中国农业气象 ›› 2014, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (03): 317-322.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.03.013

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

考虑生育期需水量的荆州棉花旱涝等级划分方法

刘凯文,苏荣瑞,耿一风,朱建强,安开忠,蔡伟   

  1. 1湖北省荆州农业气象试验站/荆州市气象局,荆州434025;2湖北省监利县气象局,荆州433300;3长江中游湿地农业教育部工程研究中心,荆州434025
  • 收稿日期:2013-09-12 出版日期:2014-06-20 发布日期:2015-02-11
  • 作者简介:刘凯文(1985-),湖北武穴人,硕士,主要从事农业气象灾害试验研究。Email:kakahuohuo@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    湖北省气象局科技发展基金项目(2012Q03)

Drought and Flood Grades Classification Considering Water Demand at Each Growth Stage of Cotton in Jingzhou

LIU Kai wen,SU Rong rui,GENG Yi feng,ZHU Jian qiang,AN Kai zhong,CAI Wei   

  1. 1Jingzhou Agriculture Meteorological Trial Station of Hubei Province/Jingzhou Meteorological Bureau,Jingzhou434025,China;2Jianli Meteorological Bureau,Hubei Province,Jingzhou433300;3Engineering Research Center of Wetland Agriculture in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025
  • Received:2013-09-12 Online:2014-06-20 Published:2015-02-11

摘要: 通过分析近32a(1980-2011)荆州棉花生长季降水量资料,针对棉花4个生育期对水分的需求,进行作物旱涝等级划分。结果表明,荆州棉花生长季内发生的水分胁迫以渍涝为主,无干旱胁迫;苗期降水量普遍多于需求,渍涝风险高;蕾期和吐絮期发生渍涝的频率远高于干旱,且多发生大涝和重涝;花铃期干旱发生频率略高于渍涝。将研究区历年棉花产量分离为趋势产量和气象产量,气象产量与各生育期旱涝程度的相关关系表现为,气象产量与全生育期和花铃期降水距需百分率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与吐絮期降水距需百分率呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。棉花生长季内降水量超出需求越多,气象产量越低;除降水量显著偏少的年份外,降水越少,气象产量越高。通过采用距需百分率法划分棉花各生育期的旱涝等级,充分揭示了各生育期需水量与降水总量间的平衡与矛盾,对江汉平原棉花种植区不同旱涝年景及不同月份的田间水分管理与高效利用具有一定指导意义。

关键词: 旱涝等级, 棉花, 生育期, 需水量, 气象产量, 涝渍胁迫

Abstract: Based on precipitation data between May and August in 1980-2011,considering water demand at each growth stage,the drought and flood grades of cotton was classified.The results showed that drought stress had not occurred during the cotton growth season in last 32 years in Jingzhou,but waterlogging stress occurred commonly Precipitation was currently beyond water demand of cotton at seedling stage,the bud stage and boll opening stage,so waterlogging stress was more frequently than droughtDrought and waterlogging stress were evenly coexisted at the blossoming and boll forming stage.Further more,ginned cotton yield per unit area was divided into trend yield and meteorological yield,for analyzing the correlation between drought and flood grades at each growth stage and meteorological yield.There was significant negative correlation between meteorological yield and water demand deviation during the whole growth season and at blossoming boll forming stage (P<0.01),and negative correlation with water demand deviation of boll opening stage(P<0.05).The meteorological yield decreased when precipitation was beyond water demand of cotton during whole growth periodThe results could provide basic evidence for field water management and high efficient utilization in Jianghan plain.

Key words: Drought and flood grade, Cotton, Growth period, Water demand, Meteorological yield, Waterlogging stress