中国农业气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 189-200.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2025.02.006

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

开花期与块茎膨大期干旱胁迫及旱后复水对马铃薯叶片生理特性影响的差异

谭月，刘青，王羽飞，孙钦宏，王亮，王立为，刘利民，路增鑫   

  1. 1.吉林省气象灾害防御技术中心，长春 130062；2.沈阳市气象局，沈阳 110866；3.沈阳农业大学农学院，沈阳 110866；4.吉林省气象科学研究所/长白山气象与气候变化吉林省重点实验室/中国气象局流域强降水重点开放实验室北方暴雨研究中心，长春 130062
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-23 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-02-20
  • 作者简介:谭月，E-mail：2064620354@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题（2019YFD1002204）

Effects of Drought Stress and Post-drought Rewatering on Physiological Characteristics of Potato Leaves during Flowering and Tuber Expansion Stages

TAN Yue, LIU Qing, WANG Yu-fei, SUN Qin-hong, WANG Liang, WANG Li-wei, LIU Li-min, LU Zeng-xin   

  1. 1.Jilin Technology Center of Meteorological Disaster Prevention, Changchun 130062, China; 2.Shenyang Meteorological Bureau, Shenyang 110866; 3.College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866; 4.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Jilin Province/Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Meteorology Climate Change/Northern Research Center of Key Laboratory for Basin Heavy Rainfall, China Meteorological Administration, Changchun 130062
  • Received:2024-01-23 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-02-20

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摘要：

在沈阳农业大学大型水分控制试验场进行马铃薯的控水实验，选取马铃薯开花期和块茎膨大期，设置轻度干旱（开花期土壤相对湿度50%、块茎膨大期土壤相对湿度60%）、中度干旱（开花期土壤相对湿度40%、块茎膨大期土壤相对湿度50%）和重度干旱（开花期土壤相对湿度30%、块茎膨大期土壤相对湿度40%）以及对照（开花期土壤相对湿度70%、块茎膨大期土壤相对湿度80%）处理，在每一个生育阶段各级干旱处理5d后进行复水，复水水平控制到对照处理水平。试验结束后统一测定叶片超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase，SOD）和过氧化物酶（Peroxidase，POD）活性，脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量以及叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量，研究干旱胁迫及旱后复水对叶片生理特性的影响。结果表明：在轻中度干旱胁迫下，开花期叶片SOD和POD活性分别较对照升高19.4%～32.3%和20.8%～33.9%，块茎膨大期叶片SOD和POD活性分别较对照升高17.4%～23.0%和4.8%～25.3%，干旱持续5d后复水，两关键期叶片抗氧化酶活性显著降低；随着干旱胁迫程度加剧，叶片渗透调节物质含量急剧上升，开花期中重度干旱胁迫下脯氨酸含量为CK的2.7倍，块茎膨大期重度干旱胁迫下脯氨酸含量为CK的2倍，开花期和块茎膨大期叶片可溶性糖含量分别较对照升高33.9%～44.4%和17.8%～35.1%。两关键期干旱胁迫持续5d后复水，叶片脯氨酸含量较干旱处理降低21.7%～59.1%，而开花期重度干旱和块茎膨大期中重度干旱持续5d后复水，叶片可溶性糖含量变化不明显；干旱胁迫下，开花期叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量分别较对照降低12.8%～33.0%和14.0%～36.9%，块茎膨大期叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量分别较对照降低10.4%～15.2%和12.0%～14.7%。轻中度干旱持续5d后复水，叶片叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量分别较干旱处理升高10.9%～23.0%和11.5%～15.1%，干旱后及时复水在一定程度上能够缓解干旱胁迫造成的伤害。

关键词: 马铃薯, 干旱胁迫, 旱后复水, 生理特性

Abstract:

The water control experiment of potato was conducted in Shenyang Agricultural University. Potato flowering period and tuber expansion period were selected, and the mild drought (relative soil moisture during flowering period was 50% and that during tuber expansion period was 60%), moderate drought (relative soil moisture during flowering period was 40% and that during tuber expansion period was 50%) and severe drought (relative soil moisture during flowering period was 30% and that during tuber expansion period was 40%) and control (relative soil moisture during flowering period was 70% and that during tuber expansion period was 80%), rewatering treatment was carried out after 5 days of drought at all levels in each growth period, and the rewatering level was controlled to the control level. After the experiment, measure the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), proline and soluble sugar content, as well as chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content in leaves, and the effects of drought stress and post-drought rewatering on potato leaf physiological characteristics were studied. The results showed that under light and moderate drought stress, the SOD and POD activities of leaves at flowering period were increased by 19.4%−32.3% and 20.8%−33.9% compared with the control, and the SOD and POD activities of leaves at tuber expansion period were increased by 17.4%−23.0% and 4.8%−25.3% compared with the control, respectively. The antioxidant enzyme activity of leaves decreased significantly in two critical periods. With the aggravation of drought stress, the content of osmotic regulatory substances in leaves increased sharply. Proline content was 2.7 times that of CK under severe drought stress in flowering period and twice that of CK under severe drought stress in tuber expansion period. The soluble sugar content of leaves at flowering period and tuber expansion period was 33.9%−44.4% and 17.8%−35.1% higher than that of control, respectively. After 5 days of drought stress, the content of proline in leaves decreased by 21.7%−59.1% compared with the drought treatment. However, after 5 days of severe drought in flowering period and moderate severe drought in tuber expansion period, the content of soluble sugar in leaves did not change significantly. Under drought stress, the contents of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll at flowering period decreased by 12.8%−33.0% and 14.0%−36.9% compared with the control, and the contents of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll at tuber expansion period decreased by 10.4%−15.2% and 12.0%−14.7% compared with the control, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll in leaves increased by 10.9%−23.0% and 11.5%−15.1%, respectively, compared with that under drought treatment. Rehydration in time after drought could alleviate the damage caused by drought stress to a certain extent.

Key words: Potato, Drought stress, Rehydration after drought, Physiological characteristics

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