菜地土壤施用铵态氮肥后N2O排放来源及其动态

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.02.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氧化亚氮（N2O）是重要的农业源温室气体，菜地土壤施肥量高、施肥次数多，且肥水同期，是重要的N2O排放源。采用室内培养实验，测定在70%田间持水量条件下菜地土壤施用铵态氮肥后3周内N2O排放动态，利用不同气体抑制剂（低浓度乙炔、纯氧、纯氦、纯氧+乙炔）对N2O排放过程抑制效果各不相同的特点，经合理组合计算得出自养硝化、硝化细菌的反硝化、生物反硝化等主要过程对土壤N2O排放的相对贡献及其动态，以探索菜地土壤施用铵态氮肥后土壤N2O排放的来源及动态。结果表明，（1）在70%田间持水量条件下，菜地土壤施用铵态氮肥后2d内（48h内）的N2O排放通量最高，为314.4ngg-1d-1，到第4天时N2O排放通量已迅速降至前两天的1/6，且随培养时间的延长其排放通量不断降低。（2）自养硝化作用是菜地施用铵态氮肥后N2O排放的主要来源，施肥培养后2周内的贡献率在50%以上，2周后其贡献率降至40%左右。（3）硝化细菌的反硝化作用对N2O排放的贡献主要在施铵氮后2d内，其贡献率达44%，之后其贡献率一直保持在14%～27%。反硝化作用对N2O排放的贡献随着土壤中铵态氮含量的下降和硝态氮含量的升高而逐渐从开始时不到1%增至30%，但由于施肥培养2周后N2O的排放通量绝对数值很低（仅为施肥后2d内排放高峰的1/20），故其对N2O排放的贡献有限。土壤N2O排放通量及其来源与土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮含量的动态变化密切相关，施用铵态氮肥后土壤短期内呈现酸化趋势。因此，合理控制硝化作用是有效控制菜地土壤N2O排放的关键措施。

关键词: N2O, 菜地土壤, 铵态氮肥, 温室气体, 硝化作用

Abstract: Nitrous oxide is one of the most important greenhouse gases emitted from fertilized agricultural soils.Vegetable soil may contribute great share to the national N2O emissions due to the higher fertilization rate，multiple application and irrigation This experiment aimed to investigate the contributions of various N2O production processes after ammonium nitrogen was applied during three weeks laboratory incubation period under 70% field water capacity in a vegetable soil We used the different gas inhibitors to distinguish the different N2O production processes The treatments include no gas inhibitor (CK)，0.06% acetylene (A)，pure oxygen (O)，0.06% acetylene plus pure oxygen (AO)，pure helium(H)Based on the processes occurred or inhibited under different gas inhibitor treatments，N2O fluxes and its contribution and dynamics from autotrophic nitrification，nitrifier denitrofication and denitrification were calculated and analyzed during the incubation periodThe results showed that N2O fluxes were peaked at 314.4ngg-1d-1within the 48h after fertilization，and then rapidly decreased to 1/6 of that by the 4th day followed by more decreased quantity with the increase of incubation time Autotrophic nitrification contributing more than 50% and 40% of total N2O fluxes within two weeks and thereafter respectively，was the main source of N2O emissions after ammonium nitrogen was applied. Nitrifier denitrification contributed greatly (up to 44%) to the total N2O emission fluxes within 2days after fertilization and about 14%-27% thereafter Although the contribution of denitrification on total N2O emission fluxes were increased from 1%within the first 2 days period to about 30% after two weeks later with the decrease of soil ammonium and increase of soil nitrate，its substantial contribution on N2O fluxes were still less due to the lower absolute N2O flux quantities (about 1/20 of that within the first 2 days) two weeks later N2O production and its sources were associated with the content and dynamics of soil ammonium and nitrate Soil pH showed decrease after ammonium nitrogen application. Therefore，control the speed of nitrification is a better option to decrease the N2O emissions in the vegetable soils fertilized with ammonium nitrogen

Key words: N2O, Vegetable soil, Ammonium fertilizer, Greenhouse gas, Nitrification

阎宏亮，张璇，谢立勇，何翠翠，任寰宇，张贺，范靖尉，林淼，郭李萍. 菜地土壤施用铵态氮肥后N2O排放来源及其动态[J]. 中国农业气象, 2014, 35(02): 141-148.

YAN Hongliang，ZHANG Xuan，XIE Liyong，HE Cuicui，REN Huanyu，ZHANG He，FAN Jingwei，LIN Miao ，GUO Liping. Study on the Pathway and Dynamics of N2O Emissions From the Vegetable Soil Fertilized With Ammonium Nitrogen[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2014, 35(02): 141-148.

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