施用生物炭对农田土壤氮素转化关键过程的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2015.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物炭作为一种土壤改良剂，施入土壤后不仅能有效改善土壤结构，提高土壤对营养元素的吸附能力，还可减少温室气体的排放，增强生物固氮能力，因此在农业生产和缓解气候变化方面有着巨大的应用前景。生物炭的输入将直接影响农田土壤氮素的循环和转化，本文结合国内外大量文献，综合分析总结了施用生物炭对土壤氮素转化过程的影响，重点从生物炭对土壤氮素矿化、氮素损失以及硝化、反硝化作用和生物固氮过程的影响过程展开阐述。并在此基础上，提出今后应加强生物炭对氮素转化的作用机理及对环境的长期正负效应研究，特别是对相关微生物群落的多样性、丰度以及土壤酶活性方面的研究，同时提出相关研究应建立在统一的生物炭标准之上，以明确区分生物炭的作用效果及其作用机制。

关键词: 生物炭, 氮素转化, 氮素损失, 硝化速率, N2O气体

Abstract: Biochar, as an unique soil amendment, can effectively improve soil structure, improve the ability of absorbing nutrients, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase biological nitrogen fixation. Therefore, it has great prospects in agriculture production and mitigating climate change. Biochar input will directly affect the agricultural soil nitrogen cycle and transformation, so this review focuses on the effects of biochar on soil nitrogen transformation processes such as nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, the relevant nitrogen loss, and biological nitrogen fixation processes and relevant mechanisms. Based on the review on published literature, we proposed that the future research should strengthen the mechanism nitrogen transformation and the long-term positive or negative effects of biochar on environment, to carry out research on related microbial community diversity, abundance and activity in terms of soil, as well as biochar studies should be based on a unified standard to clearly distinguish the effect of different biochar and its mechanism.

Key words: Biochar, Nitrogen transformation, Nitrogen loss, Nitrification rate, N2O gas

张星，张晴雯，刘杏认，徐莹春，任建强. 施用生物炭对农田土壤氮素转化关键过程的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2015, 36(06): 709-716.

ZHANG Xing, ZHANG Qing-wen, LIU Xing-ren, XU Ying-chun，REN Jian-qiang. Effects of Biochar on the Key Soil Nitrogen Transformation Processes in Agricultural Soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2015, 36(06): 709-716.

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